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阿拉伯语音系

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阿拉伯语音系(Arabic phonology)是阿拉伯语语音系统的描述。虽然许多语言有许多不同的方言,但当代阿拉伯语口语被更恰当地描述为变体的连续体[1]本文主要讨论现代标准阿拉伯语(MSA),这是整个阿拉伯语地区受过教育的人共同使用的标准阿拉伯语变体。现代标准阿拉伯语用于正式印刷媒体的书面形式,以及多种类型的新闻广播、演讲,以及正式声明中的口头形式。[2]

现代标准阿拉伯语语音在大多数的现代方言变体中有28个辅音音位、以及6个元音音位,或者8个或者10个元音。所有音素都在强调英语Emphatic consonant咽化辅音、与非强调辅音之间形成对比。其中一些音素已在各种现代方言中合并,而新的音位则是通过借用,或音位的拆分来引入。"音素的长度质量"适用于辅音、以及元音。[3]

不同阿拉伯方言的音韵

阿拉伯语辅音的主要方言变体围绕着六个辅音而展开;ج, ق, ث, ذ, ضظ:

字母 古典语音 现代标准语音 方言主要变体 不常见的变化
ث /θ/ /θ/ [θ] [t] [s] [f]
ج /gʲ/ or /ɟ/ /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] [ʒ] [ɡ] [ɟ] [j] [d͡z] [d]
ذ /ð/ /ð/ [ð] [d] [z] [v]
ض /ɮˤ/ /dˤ/ [] [ðˤ] [] [d]
ظ /ðˤ/ /ðˤ/ [ðˤ] [] []
ق /q/ or /ɡ/ /q/ [q] [ɡ] [ʔ] [ɢ] [k] [d͡ʒ] [d͡z] [ɣ ~ ʁ]

注释

参考文献

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