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阿拉伯語音系

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阿拉伯語音系(Arabic phonology)是阿拉伯語語音系統的描述。雖然許多語言有許多不同的方言,但當代阿拉伯語口語被更恰當地描述為變體的連續體[1]本文主要討論現代標準阿拉伯語(MSA),這是整個阿拉伯語地區受過教育的人共同使用的標準阿拉伯語變體。現代標準阿拉伯語用於正式印刷媒體的書面形式,以及多種類型的新聞廣播、演講,以及正式聲明中的口頭形式。[2]

現代標準阿拉伯語語音在大多數的現代方言變體中有28個輔音音位、以及6個元音音位,或者8個或者10個元音。所有音素都在強調英语Emphatic consonant咽化輔音、與非強調輔音之間形成對比。其中一些音素已在各種現代方言中合併,而新的音位則是通過借用,或音位的拆分來引入。"音素的長度質量"適用於輔音、以及元音。[3]

不同阿拉伯方言的音韻

阿拉伯語輔音的主要方言變體圍繞著六個輔音而展開;ج, ق, ث, ذ, ضظ:

字母 古典語音 現代標準語音 方言主要變體 不常見的變化
ث /θ/ /θ/ [θ] [t] [s] [f]
ج /gʲ/ or /ɟ/ /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] [ʒ] [ɡ] [ɟ] [j] [d͡z] [d]
ذ /ð/ /ð/ [ð] [d] [z] [v]
ض /ɮˤ/ /dˤ/ [] [ðˤ] [] [d]
ظ /ðˤ/ /ðˤ/ [ðˤ] [] []
ق /q/ or /ɡ/ /q/ [q] [ɡ] [ʔ] [ɢ] [k] [d͡ʒ] [d͡z] [ɣ ~ ʁ]

註釋

參考文獻

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