氯化鎵
氯化鎵 | |
---|---|
別名 | 氯化鎵(III) 三氯化鎵 |
識別 | |
CAS編號 | 13450-90-3 |
PubChem | 26010 |
ChemSpider | 24229 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | UPWPDUACHOATKO-DFZHHIFOAO |
RTECS | LW9100000 |
性質 | |
化學式 | GaCl3 |
莫耳質量 | 176.073 g/mol g·mol⁻¹ |
外觀 | 無色晶體 |
密度 | 2.47 g/cm3 2.053 g/cm3 熔點時 |
熔點 | 77.9 °C(351 K) |
沸點 | 201 °C(474 K) |
溶解性(水) | 極易溶 |
溶解性 | 可溶於苯、CCl4、CS2 |
磁化率 | −63.0·10−6 cm3/mol |
危險性 | |
NFPA 704 | |
閃點 | 不可燃 |
致死量或濃度: | |
LD50(中位劑量)
|
4700 mg/kg (大鼠, 口服) |
相關物質 | |
其他陰離子 | 氟化鎵 溴化鎵 碘化鎵 |
其他陽離子 | 氯化鋁 三氯化銦 三氯化鉈 |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
氯化鎵是一種無機化合物,化學式GaCl3,固態的氯化鎵以二聚體形式Ga2Cl6存在。[1]它是無色或白色的固體,可溶於大部分溶劑,甚至能溶於烷烴,這一溶解特性在金屬鹵化物里很罕見。它的路易斯酸性比氯化鋁弱。[2]
製備
氯化鎵可由金屬鎵在氯氣加熱反應,然後用升華提純而得到。[3]
- 2 Ga + 3 Cl2 → 2 GaCl3
- Ga2O3 + 3 SOCl2 → 2 GaCl3 + 3 SO2
它的水溶液在加熱(170 °C)蒸乾時,只能得到Ga(OH)Cl2·H2O,而非GaCl3。[5]
反應
氯化鎵和二甲胺基鋰反應,可以得到Ga[N(CH3)2]3或ClGa[N(CH3)2]2,二甲胺基鋰過量時,可以得到LiGa[N(CH3)2]4;它和二(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉反應,可以得到Ga{N[Si(CH3)3]2}3。[6]在鋰存在下,它和三甲基氯矽烷反應,可以得到Ga[Si(CH3)3]3。[7]
它和三甲基矽基二三級丁基銻反應,可以得到含Ga3Sb3環的化合物{Cl2GaSb[C(CH3)3]2}3。[8]它可以和[PCl2N]3形成加合物[PCl2N]3·GaCl3,其中N參與配位。[9]
它和六氧化二氯反應,可以得到過氯酸鎵。[10]它和金屬鎵加熱反應,可以得到二氯化鎵。[11]它在加熱時也可以被鋁還原,得到Ga[AlCl4]。[12]它和氯化亞銅反應,可以得到CuGaCl4。[13]它在加熱下可以和氧化鋰或硫屬化鋰發生放熱反應:[14]
- 3 GaCl3 + 5 Li2O → 9 LiCl + LiGaO2 + Ga2O3
- 3 GaCl3 + 3 Li2E → 6 LiCl + Li2E3 (E=S, Se, Te)
參考文獻
- ^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
- ^ Timoshkin, Alexey Y.; Bodensteiner, Michael; Sevastianova, Tatiana N.; Lisovenko, Anna S.; Davydova, Elena I.; Scheer, Manfred; Graßl, Christian; Butlak, Alina V. Do Solid-State Structures Reflect Lewis Acidity Trends of Heavier Group 13 Trihalides? Experimental and Theoretical Case Study. Inorganic Chemistry. 9 October 2012, 51 (21): 11602–11611. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 23043542. doi:10.1021/ic301507c. eISSN 1520-510X.
- ^ Richards, Theodore W.; Craig, W. M.; Sameshima, J. THE PURIFICATION BY SUBLIMATION AND THE ANALYSIS OF GALLIUM CHLORIDE.. Journal of the American Chemical Society. February 1919, 41 (2): 131–132 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01459a001. eISSN 1520-5126. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).
- ^ Georg Brauer, Gallium(III)-chlorid, Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag: pp. 635f (德文)
- ^ Ivanov, M. G.; Vashchenko, S. D.; Denisova, T. A.; Kalinichenko, I. I. Preparation and study of properties of gallium hydroxide chloride (Ga(OH)Cl2) and bromide (Ga(OH)Br2) monohydrates. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1989, 34 (2): 329–331. ISSN 0044-457X (俄語).CODEN ZNOKAQ
- ^ Noeth, H.; Konrad, P. Preparation, structure, and some reactions of tris(dimethylamino)gallane. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, Teil B: Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie. 1975, 30B (9-10): 681–687. ISSN 0340-5087 (德語).CODEN ZNBAD2.
- ^ Roesch, Lutz; Neumann, Heinrich. Synthesis and properties of the first organosilylgallium compounds. Angewandte Chemie. 1980, 92 (1): 62–63. ISSN 0044-8249 (德語).
- ^ Cowley, Alan H.; Jones, Richard A.; Kidd, Kenneth B.; Nunn, Christine M.; Westmoreland, Donald L. The conformations of six-membered indium-arsenic and gallium-antimony rings. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. March 1988, 341 (1–3): C1–C5 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0022-328X. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(88)89111-3. (原始內容存檔於2018-06-27).
- ^ Heston, Amy J.; Panzner, Matthew J.; Youngs, Wiley J.; Tessier, Claire A. Lewis Acid Adducts of [PCl2N]3. Inorganic Chemistry. 16 August 2005, 44 (19): 6518–6520 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 16156607. doi:10.1021/ic050974y. eISSN 1520-510X. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).
- ^ Chaabouni, Moncef; Pascal, Jean L.; Pavia, Andre C.; Potier, Jacqueline; Potier, Antoine. Tris(perchlorato)gallium, Ga(ClO4)3; synthesis and molecular structure. Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses. 1977, (3): 80–81. ISSN 0308-2342.CODEN JRPSDC
- ^ Beamish, J. C.; Wilkinson, M.; Worrall, I. J. Facile synthesis of the lower valent halides of gallium, Ga2X4 (X = chloride, bromide, iodide) and tetragallium hexaiodide. Inorganic Chemistry. 1 July 1978, 17 (7): 2026–2027 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50185a069. eISSN 1520-510X. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).
- ^ Staffel, Thomas; Meyer, Gerd. The distinction of gallium(I) tetrachloroaluminate, Ga[AlCl4], from gallium dichloride. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. September 1987, 552 (9): 108–112 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19875520912. eISSN 1521-3749. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).
- ^ Hönle, W. Crystal structure of copper(I) tetrachlorogallate, CuGaCl4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. January 1990, 191 (1–2): 141–142 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0044-2968. doi:10.1524/zkri.1990.191.1-2.141. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).
- ^ Fitzmaurice, J. C.; Parkin, I. P. SELF PROPAGATING ROUTES TO GALLIUM AND INDIUM CHALCOGENIDES. Main Group Metal Chemistry. January 1994, 17 (7) [2022-07-19]. ISSN 0792-1241. doi:10.1515/MGMC.1994.17.7.481. eISSN 2191-0219. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).
拓展閱讀
- Amemiya, Ryo; Yamaguchi, Masahiko. GaCl3 in Organic Synthesis. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 28 November 2005, 2005 (24): 5145–5150 [2022-07-19]. ISSN 1434-193X. doi:10.1002/ejoc.200500512. eISSN 1099-0690. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-19).