用户:O-ring/沙盒/世界领导人列表

各国相关

这是2024年世界各国领导人列表。In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.

本列表列举了当今世界各国的现任领导人，包括国家元首、政府首脑和最高领导人。应注意的是，这种职务划分的主要依据议会民主制国家的权力分配习惯。而对于总统制、半总统制或采用其他政体的国家而言，此划分可能并不十分准确。比如总统制国家的总统本身兼任政府首脑（不设总理）。半总统制的国家设总统及总理，总统为国家元首并处理国防、外交、国家安全等行政权，总理为政府首脑并处理总统职权外的行政权，但实际上总统掌握全部的行政权。一党执政下的社会主义国家的执政党领导人（总书记或第一书记）一般为党和国家最高领导人。而有些国家的实际最高领导人并不享有该国国家元首或政府首脑的法定头衔。

In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (i.e. General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In some countries like Andorra and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state for both countries (Bishop of Urgell as Co-Prince of Andorra and the Pope) and head of government for the latter (President of the Governorate of Vatican City State).

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate（英语：Prime minister-designate）, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.