體化認知

體化認知（又稱為體現的認知、具身認知，英語：Embodied cognition）是一種認知理論：無論是人類還是其他生物，其多數認知特徵是由生物體全身的各方面所塑造而成。

認知特徵包括高級的心理產物（例如概念和範疇）以及在各種認知任務（如推理或判斷）中的表現。而身體方面則包括運動系統、知覺系統 ，身體與環境的相互作用（情境性），以及根據生物體結構來設想這個世界。

它挑戰了認知主義、計算主義和笛卡爾二元論等理論，並且與外延心靈論 、情境式認知和生成主義密切相關。它正隨着心理學、語言學、認知科學、動力學系統、人工智慧、機器人學、動物認知、植物認知和神經生物學等領域同步更新。

參見

• 後認知主義

參考文獻

• Brooks, Rodney A. (1999). Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52263-2
• Clark, Andy (1997). Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53156-9
• Damasio, Antonio (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-601075-5
• 傑拉爾德·埃德爾曼 (2004). Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10229-1
• Gallagher, S. (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920416-0.
• Hendriks-Jansen, Horst (1996) Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08246-2
• Hyun, J. S.; Luck, S. J. Visual working memory as the substrate for mental rotation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2007, 14 (1): 154–158. PMID 17546746. doi:10.3758/bf03194043. 
• Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark (1980) Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46801-1
• Lakoff, George (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46804-6.
• Lakoff, George and Turner, Mark (1989) More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46812-7
• Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark (1999) Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-05674-1
• Lakoff, George and Nuñez, Rafael. (2001). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03771-2
• Maturana, Humberto and Varela, Francisco (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 0-87773-373-2
• Pfeifer, R. (2001) Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16181-8
• Pfeifer, R. and Bongard, J. (2006) How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-16239-5
• Varela, Francisco J., Thompson, Evan T., and Rosch, Eleanor. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-72021-3
• Greeno, J.G; Moore, J.L. Situativity and symbols: Response to Vera and Simon. Cognitive Science. 1993, 17: 49–59. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1701_3. 
• Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, *, 44–57.

外部連結

• The Situated Body （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, a special issue of Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology and the Arts. Guest edited by Shaun Gallagher.
• Embodiment and Experientialism from the Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pdf)
• Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide (pdf) – from an Artificial Intelligence perspective
• Where the Action Is （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Paul Dourish- for applications to human-computer interaction.
• Pragmatism, Ideology, and Embodiment: William James and the Philosophical Foundations of Embodiment by Tim Rohrer
• Society for the Scientific Study of Embodiment （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Embodied Cognition – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• 2001 Summary of how the embodiment hypothesis of cognitive linguistics has begun to interact with theories of embodiment in fields ranging from cognitive anthropology to cognitive neuroscience
• Goddard College's Embodiment Studies Web Resources
• Embodiment Resources – for those researching into embodiment, particularly as it relates to phenomenology, sociology and cognitive neuroscience. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• EUCog – European Network for the Advancement of Artificial Cognitive Systems, Interaction and Robotics （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Many references here to up to date research on embodiment and enaction