米替福新

米替福新
臨床資料
商品名（英語：Drug nomenclature）	Impavido, Miltex, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
核准狀況	美 DailyMed: Miltefosine;
給藥途徑	口服給藥
ATC碼	P01CX04 (WHO) QP51DX07;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	美：處方藥（℞-only）; 處方藥（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	高
血漿蛋白結合率	~98%
藥物代謝	慢肝 (非依賴-CYP)
生物半衰期	6 至 8 天和 31 天
排泄途徑	Primarily fecal
識別資訊
	IUPAC命名法 2-(hexadecoxy-oxido-phosphoryl)oxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium; ;
CAS號	58066-85-6
PubChem CID	3599;
DrugBank	DB09031 ;
ChemSpider	3473 ;
UNII	53EY29W7EC;
KEGG	D02494 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:75283 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL125 ;
NIAID ChemDB	130571;
CompTox Dashboard（英語：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID7045942 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.151.328
化學資訊
化學式	C21H46NO4P
摩爾質量	407.58 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英語：JSmol））	交互式圖像;
熔點	232至234 °C（450至453 °F）
	SMILES [O-]P(=O)(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCC[N+](C)(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H46NO4P/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-20-25-27(23,24)26-21-19-22(2,3)4/h5-21H2,1-4H3 ; Key:PQLXHQMOHUQAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

米替福新（Miltefosine）是主要用於治療利什曼病和自由生活的阿米巴病（如：福氏耐格里變形蟲和巴氏阿米巴變形蟲（英語：Balamuthia mandrillaris））的口服藥物^[3] ^[4]。利什曼病則包括三種類型：皮膚型（英語：Visceral leishmaniasis）、內臟型（英語：Cutaneous leishmaniasis）和黏膜型^[4]。它可與脂質體兩性黴素B或巴龍黴素併用^[5]。

常見副作用包括嘔吐、腹痛、發熱、頭痛和腎功能下降^[3]。更嚴重的副作用包括可能史蒂芬斯-強森症候群或血小板減少症^[3]。懷孕期使用可能對嬰兒有害，因此也不建議在母乳哺育期使用^[3]。作用機轉仍不完全清楚^[3]。

米替福新於 20 世紀 80 年代初首次合成，並被當成對抗癌症的治療^[6]。幾年後，人們發現它可用於治療利什曼病，並於 2002 年在印度取得治療利什曼病的醫療使用許可^[7]。名列世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單^[8]。

參考文獻

^ Dorlo TP, Balasegaram M, Beijnen JH, de Vries PJ. Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. November 2012, 67 (11): 2576–2597. PMID 22833634. doi:10.1093/jac/dks275 .
^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União（英語：Diário Oficial da União）. 2023-03-31 (2023-04-04) [2023-08-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-03）（巴西葡萄牙語）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Miltefosine Monograph for Professionals. www.drugs.com. 26 February 2016 [16 November 2016]. （原始內容存檔於17 November 2016）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 FDA approves Impavido to treat tropical disease leishmaniasis. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (新聞稿). 19 March 2014 [30 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於3 September 2014）.
^ World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases. World Health Organization. March 2010: 59, 88, 186. ISBN 9789241209496.
^ Greenwood, David. Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. OUP Oxford. 2008: 310. ISBN 9780199534845. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-10）.
^ Kumar, Awanish. Leishmania and Leishmaniasis. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013: 39. ISBN 9781461488699. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-10）.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

外部連結

米替福新. 藥物資訊網. 美國國家醫學圖書館.
米替福新. Drugs.com.

[dorlo-1] Dorlo TP, Balasegaram M, Beijnen JH, de Vries PJ. Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. November 2012, 67 (11): 2576–2597. PMID 22833634. doi:10.1093/jac/dks275 .

[2] Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União（英語：Diário Oficial da União）. 2023-03-31 (2023-04-04) [2023-08-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-03）（巴西葡萄牙語）.

[AHFS2016-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Miltefosine Monograph for Professionals. www.drugs.com. 26 February 2016 [16 November 2016]. （原始內容存檔於17 November 2016）.

[FDA2014-4] 4.0 ^4.1 FDA approves Impavido to treat tropical disease leishmaniasis. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (新聞稿). 19 March 2014 [30 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於3 September 2014）.

[WHO2010-5] World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases. World Health Organization. March 2010: 59, 88, 186. ISBN 9789241209496.

[6] Greenwood, David. Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. OUP Oxford. 2008: 310. ISBN 9780199534845. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-10）.

[7] Kumar, Awanish. Leishmania and Leishmaniasis. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013: 39. ISBN 9781461488699. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-10）.

[WHO21st-8] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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