梣属
梣属![]() | |
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科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 菊类植物 Asterids |
目: | 唇形目 Lamiales |
科: | 木樨科 Oleaceae |
属: | 梣属 Fraxinus Tourn. ex L., 1753 |
物种 | |
参见本文。 |
概要
梣树其学名来自于拉丁语的“矛”,因为当时士兵们作战用的武器长矛的柄是用梣木制作的。在斯堪的纳维亚神话中,世界由一棵梣树支撑着。在希腊神话中,宙斯创造人类之初,人是从梣树里诞生的。
梣树叶子对生,羽状带齿,花有两性,花序锥形,花冠常呈四裂,雄蕊两个,柱头二裂,果实翅形,子叶扁平。
梣树的根和叶子具有利尿、消炎等药理功能。梣木是製作棒球用球棒的常用木種。
部分物种
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fraxinus_ornus_JPG1b.jpg/250px-Fraxinus_ornus_JPG1b.jpg)
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EurAshSeeds.jpg/250px-EurAshSeeds.jpg)
- 北美洲东部
- Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash
- Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. – Carolina Ash
- Fraxinus nigra Marshall – Black Ash
- 美国红梣 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
- Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush – Pumpkin Ash
- Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. – Blue Ash
- Fraxinus tremillium – Indigo Ash
- 北美洲西部和西南部
- Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson – Singleleaf Ash
- Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. – Mexican Ash
- Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. – Fragrant Ash
- 雙瓣白蠟 Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. – California Ash or Two-petal Ash
- Fraxinus dubia
- Fraxinus gooddingii – Goodding's Ash
- Fraxinus greggii A.Gray – Gregg's Ash
- Fraxinus latifolia Benth. – Oregon Ash
- Fraxinus lowellii – Lowell Ash
- Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh. – Chihuahua Ash
- Fraxinus purpusii
- Fraxinus rufescens
- Fraxinus texensis (A.Gray) Sarg. – Texas Ash
- Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. – Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash
- 绒毛白蜡 Fraxinus velutina Torr.
- Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl – Narrow-leafed Ash or Caucasian Ash
- Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa – Claret Ash or Raywood Ash
- Fraxinus dimorpha
- 欧洲白蜡树 Fraxinus excelsior L.
- Fraxinus holotricha Koehne
- Fraxinus ornus L. – Manna Ash or Flowering Ash
- Fraxinus syriaca
- Fraxinus pallisiae Wilmott – Pallis' Ash
- Fraxinus apertisquamifera
- 狭叶梣 Fraxinus baroniana
- 小叶梣 Fraxinus bungeana DC.
- 白蜡树 Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.
- Fraxinus chiisanensis
- 多花梣 Fraxinus floribunda Wall.
- 光腊树 Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke
- 湖北梣 Fraxinus hubeiensis
- 日本梣 Fraxinus japonica – Japanese Ash
- Fraxinus lanuginosa
- Fraxinus longicuspis
- 白枪杆 Fraxinus malacophylla
- 水曲柳 Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.
- 庐山梣 Fraxinus mariesii
- Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.
- 秦岭梣 Fraxinus paxiana Lingelsh.
- 象蜡树 Fraxinus platypoda
- Fraxinus raibocarpa Regel
- Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume – Japanese Flowering Ash
- Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh. – Späth's Ash
- Fraxinus trifoliata
- 椒叶梣 Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) Wall. ex DC.[4][5]
注释
参考文献
- ^ 【梣】//中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室. 现代汉语词典[M]. 7版. 北京:商务印书馆,2016:161.
- ^ 梣[M/OL]//陈至立. 辞海. 7版. 上海:上海辞书出版社,2020[2024].
- ^ 【梣】//中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室. 现代汉语词典[M]. 7版. 北京:商务印书馆,2016:1059.
- ^ Species Records of Fraxinus. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-25).
- ^ Fraxinus L.. ITIS Standard Reports. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. [2010-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-17).
外部链接
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