梣屬
梣屬 | |
---|---|
科學分類 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 菊類植物 Asterids |
目: | 唇形目 Lamiales |
科: | 木樨科 Oleaceae |
屬: | 梣屬 Fraxinus Tourn. ex L., 1753 |
物種 | |
參見本文。 |
概要
梣樹其學名來自於拉丁語的「矛」,因為當時士兵們作戰用的武器長矛的柄是用梣木製作的。在斯堪的納維亞神話中,世界由一棵梣樹支撐着。在希臘神話中,宙斯創造人類之初,人是從梣樹里誕生的。
梣樹葉子對生,羽狀帶齒,花有兩性,花序錐形,花冠常呈四裂,雄蕊兩個,柱頭二裂,果實翅形,子葉扁平。
梣樹的根和葉子具有利尿、消炎等藥理功能。梣木是製作棒球用球棒的常用木種。
部分物種
- 北美洲東部
- Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash
- Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. – Carolina Ash
- Fraxinus nigra Marshall – Black Ash
- 美國紅梣 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
- Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush – Pumpkin Ash
- Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. – Blue Ash
- Fraxinus tremillium – Indigo Ash
- 北美洲西部和西南部
- Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson – Singleleaf Ash
- Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. – Mexican Ash
- Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. – Fragrant Ash
- 雙瓣白蠟 Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. – California Ash or Two-petal Ash
- Fraxinus dubia
- Fraxinus gooddingii – Goodding's Ash
- Fraxinus greggii A.Gray – Gregg's Ash
- Fraxinus latifolia Benth. – Oregon Ash
- Fraxinus lowellii – Lowell Ash
- Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh. – Chihuahua Ash
- Fraxinus purpusii
- Fraxinus rufescens
- Fraxinus texensis (A.Gray) Sarg. – Texas Ash
- Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. – Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash
- 絨毛白蠟 Fraxinus velutina Torr.
- Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl – Narrow-leafed Ash or Caucasian Ash
- Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa – Claret Ash or Raywood Ash
- Fraxinus dimorpha
- 歐洲白蠟樹 Fraxinus excelsior L.
- Fraxinus holotricha Koehne
- Fraxinus ornus L. – Manna Ash or Flowering Ash
- Fraxinus syriaca
- Fraxinus pallisiae Wilmott – Pallis' Ash
- Fraxinus apertisquamifera
- 狹葉梣 Fraxinus baroniana
- 小葉梣 Fraxinus bungeana DC.
- 白蠟樹 Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.
- Fraxinus chiisanensis
- 多花梣 Fraxinus floribunda Wall.
- 光臘樹 Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke
- 湖北梣 Fraxinus hubeiensis
- 日本梣 Fraxinus japonica – Japanese Ash
- Fraxinus lanuginosa
- Fraxinus longicuspis
- 白槍桿 Fraxinus malacophylla
- 水曲柳 Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.
- 廬山梣 Fraxinus mariesii
- Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.
- 秦嶺梣 Fraxinus paxiana Lingelsh.
- 象蠟樹 Fraxinus platypoda
- Fraxinus raibocarpa Regel
- Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume – Japanese Flowering Ash
- Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh. – Späth's Ash
- Fraxinus trifoliata
- 椒葉梣 Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) Wall. ex DC.[4][5]
註釋
參考文獻
- ^ 【梣】//中國社會科學院語言研究所詞典編輯室. 現代漢語詞典[M]. 7版. 北京:商務印書館,2016:161.
- ^ 梣 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)[M/OL]//陳至立. 辭海. 7版. 上海:上海辭書出版社,2020[2024].
- ^ 【梣】//中國社會科學院語言研究所詞典編輯室. 現代漢語詞典[M]. 7版. 北京:商務印書館,2016:1059.
- ^ Species Records of Fraxinus. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-02-22]. (原始內容存檔於2011-08-25).
- ^ Fraxinus L.. ITIS Standard Reports. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. [2010-02-22]. (原始內容存檔於2009-06-17).