貝爾哈克爾銘文

貝爾哈克爾銘文是發現於荷蘭貝爾哈克爾（Bergakker）村的一把約五世紀的劍鞘上的銘文，發現於1996年。這把劍鞘發現地貝爾哈克爾村位於荷蘭海爾德蘭省蒂爾以西兩公里處，該處正屬於古代巴達維人所居住的地方。^[1]銘文用如尼字母（古弗薩克文）刻寫，其時間一般認為是425-475年之間，所刻寫的語言被認為是古法蘭克語或是與其相近的古荷蘭語（古低地法蘭克語）的早期形式，也是其最早的書證。^[2]但學者對銘文的具體含義尚有一些爭議，特別是銘文中含有一個形似「雙重V」的特殊字母。^[3]

參考資料

^ Looijenga, Tineke. Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions. Leiden Boston: Brill. 2003: 72. ISBN 9004123962.
^ Runeninscriptie met het oudste Nederlands(?) [Runic inscription with the oldest Dutch(?)]. Museum piece information. Valkhof Museum. [10 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於1 May 2019）（荷蘭語）. All experts agree on the meaning of the second word: "I (he) grant(s)", and many consider the first word to be the name of the owner of the sword that the scabbard belonged to. Opinions vary on how this name should be read, just as the latter two words have been interpreted very differently. Keeping in mind the function of the piece, some academics read the last word as "sword(s)".
^ Klaus Düwel: Runenkunde (= Sammlung Metzler, Band 72). 4., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage, Verlag J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart/Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-476-14072-2, S. 32, 34, 71.

[1] Looijenga, Tineke. Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions. Leiden Boston: Brill. 2003: 72. ISBN 9004123962.

[museum-2] Runeninscriptie met het oudste Nederlands(?) [Runic inscription with the oldest Dutch(?)]. Museum piece information. Valkhof Museum. [10 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於1 May 2019）（荷蘭語）. All experts agree on the meaning of the second word: "I (he) grant(s)", and many consider the first word to be the name of the owner of the sword that the scabbard belonged to. Opinions vary on how this name should be read, just as the latter two words have been interpreted very differently. Keeping in mind the function of the piece, some academics read the last word as "sword(s)".

[3] Klaus Düwel: Runenkunde (= Sammlung Metzler, Band 72). 4., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage, Verlag J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart/Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-476-14072-2, S. 32, 34, 71.

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