贝尔哈克尔铭文

贝尔哈克尔铭文是发现于荷兰贝尔哈克尔（Bergakker）村的一把约五世纪的剑鞘上的铭文，发现于1996年。这把剑鞘发现地贝尔哈克尔村位于荷兰海尔德兰省蒂尔以西两公里处，该处正属于古代巴达维人所居住的地方。^[1]铭文用如尼字母（古弗萨克文）刻写，其时间一般认为是425-475年之间，所刻写的语言被认为是古法兰克语或是与其相近的古荷兰语（古低地法兰克语）的早期形式，也是其最早的书证。^[2]但学者对铭文的具体含义尚有一些争议，特别是铭文中含有一个形似“双重V”的特殊字母。^[3]

参考资料

^ Looijenga, Tineke. Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions. Leiden Boston: Brill. 2003: 72. ISBN 9004123962.
^ Runeninscriptie met het oudste Nederlands(?) [Runic inscription with the oldest Dutch(?)]. Museum piece information. Valkhof Museum. [10 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 May 2019）（荷兰语）. All experts agree on the meaning of the second word: "I (he) grant(s)", and many consider the first word to be the name of the owner of the sword that the scabbard belonged to. Opinions vary on how this name should be read, just as the latter two words have been interpreted very differently. Keeping in mind the function of the piece, some academics read the last word as "sword(s)".
^ Klaus Düwel: Runenkunde (= Sammlung Metzler, Band 72). 4., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage, Verlag J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart/Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-476-14072-2, S. 32, 34, 71.

[1] Looijenga, Tineke. Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions. Leiden Boston: Brill. 2003: 72. ISBN 9004123962.

[museum-2] Runeninscriptie met het oudste Nederlands(?) [Runic inscription with the oldest Dutch(?)]. Museum piece information. Valkhof Museum. [10 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 May 2019）（荷兰语）. All experts agree on the meaning of the second word: "I (he) grant(s)", and many consider the first word to be the name of the owner of the sword that the scabbard belonged to. Opinions vary on how this name should be read, just as the latter two words have been interpreted very differently. Keeping in mind the function of the piece, some academics read the last word as "sword(s)".

[3] Klaus Düwel: Runenkunde (= Sammlung Metzler, Band 72). 4., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage, Verlag J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart/Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-476-14072-2, S. 32, 34, 71.

[1]

[2]

[3]