腹外側視前核
腹外側視前區（VLPO）是位於下視丘前部的一個小神經元群。[1][2]
腹外側視前區是控制人們喚醒與睡眠的神經系統。[1][2]在非快速動眼睡眠期間，腹外側視前核會釋放抑制性神經遞質。[3]
VLPO在睡眠期間處於活躍狀態，特別是在非快速眼動睡眠（NREM睡眠）期間，[4]並釋放抑制性神經遞質，主要是GABA和甘丙寧，它們抑制參與覺醒上升性覺醒系統的神經元。[5][6]而VLPO又受到來自上升性覺醒系統多個組成部分神經元的支配。[7]VLPO由內源性促進睡眠的物質腺苷[8][9]和前列腺素D2[10]激活。在清醒狀態下，VLPO受到喚醒誘導神經遞質去甲腎上腺素和乙醯膽鹼的抑制。[7]VLPO在睡眠和覺醒中的作用及其與睡眠障礙（特別是失眠和嗜睡症）的關係是神經科學研究的一個新興領域。
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E. Sleep State Switching. Neuron. 2010, 68 (6): 1023–1042. PMC 3026325
. PMID 21172606. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032 （英語）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Saper, Clifford B.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Lu, Jun. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 2005, 437 (7063): 1257–1263. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16251950. S2CID 1793658. doi:10.1038/nature04284 （英語）.
- ^ Brown, Ritchie E.; Basheer, Radhika; McKenna, James T.; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W. Control of Sleep and Wakefulness. Physiological Reviews. 2012, 92 (3): 1087–1187. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 3621793 . PMID 22811426. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 （英語）.
- ^ Sherin, J. E.; Shiromani, P. J.; McCarley, R. W.; Saper, C. B. Activation of Ventrolateral Preoptic Neurons During Sleep. Science. 1996-01-12, 271 (5246): 216–219. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8539624. S2CID 19804653. doi:10.1126/science.271.5246.216 （英語）.
- ^ Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E. Sleep State Switching. Neuron. 2010, 68 (6): 1023–1042. PMC 3026325 . PMID 21172606. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032 （英語）.
- ^ Brown, Ritchie E.; Basheer, Radhika; McKenna, James T.; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W. Control of Sleep and Wakefulness. Physiological Reviews. 2012, 92 (3): 1087–1187. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 3621793 . PMID 22811426. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 （英語）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Gallopin, Thierry; Fort, Patrice; Eggermann, Emmanuel; Cauli, Bruno; Luppi, Pierre-Hervé; Rossier, Jean; Audinat, Etienne; Mühlethaler, Michel; Serafin, Mauro. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature. 2000, 404 (6781): 992–995. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10801127. S2CID 4364527. doi:10.1038/35010109 （英語）.
- ^ Scammell, T.E; Gerashchenko, D.Y; Mochizuki, T; McCarthy, M.T; Estabrooke, I.V; Sears, C.A; Saper, C.B; Urade, Y; Hayaishi, O. An adenosine A2a agonist increases sleep and induces Fos in ventrolateral preoptic neurons. Neuroscience. 2001, 107 (4): 653–663. ISSN 0306-4522. PMID 11720788. S2CID 45189308. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00383-9.
- ^ Gallopin T. The endogenous somnogen adenosine excites a subset of sleep-promoting neurons via A2A receptors in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Neuroscience. 2005, 134 (4): 1377–1390. PMID 16039802. S2CID 27732204. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.05.045.
- ^ Scammell T. Activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons by the somnogen prostaglandin D2. PNAS. 1998, 95 (13): 7754–7759. PMC 22747 . PMID 9636223. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7754 .
