牛皮葉屬

牛皮葉屬
	Sticta carolinensis
科學分類
界：	真菌界 Fungi
門：	子囊菌門 Ascomycota
綱：	茶漬綱 Lecanoromycetes
目：	地卷菌目 Peltigerales
科：	肺衣科 Lobariaceae
屬：	牛皮葉屬 Sticta; (E
模式種
	Sticta sylvatica; (Huds.) Ach., 1803
種
	見正文
異名
	Diclasmia Trevisan, 1869; Dysticta Clements, 1909; Dystictina Clements, 1909; Stictina Nyl.;

牛皮葉屬（學名：Sticta）為地卷菌科的一個地衣屬。該屬分佈廣泛，特別是在熱帶地區，包括約 114 種^[1]。這些地衣具有多葉的外觀，顏色為棕色或黑色。以藍菌作為光生物素的牛皮葉屬物種可以固定大氣中的氮，並且由於其相對豐富和高周轉率，它們對雨林生態系統做出了顯著的貢獻。

物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[2]

Sticta acyphellata Moncada & Lücking (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
Sticta afromontana Kaasalainen & Rikkinen 2023
Sticta alpinotropica Aptroot (2008)
Sticta amboroensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking 2022
Sticta antoniana Moncada & Lücking (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
Sticta aongstroemii Dal Forno, Moncada & Lücking (2018)
Sticta arachnofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta arbuscula Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta arbusculotomentosa Moncada & Betanc. (2015)
Sticta arenosella Di Meglio & Goward 2023
大西洋牛皮葉 Sticta atlantica Magain & Sérus. (2015)^[4] – 歐洲
Sticta atroandensis Moncada & Lücking (2013)
Sticta baileyi D.J.Galloway (1998)^[5] – 澳大利亞
Sticta bicellulata Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking 2022
Sticta borinquensis Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta brevior Moncada & Lücking (2013)
Sticta brevipes (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1925)
Sticta caliginosa D.J.Galloway (1983)
Sticta camarae Müll.Arg. (1882)
Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise (1822)
Sticta caperata (Nyl.) Nyl. (1863)
Sticta carolinensis T.McDonald (2003)
Sticta ciliata Taylor (1836) – Neotropics; Africa; Macaronesia; 西歐
Sticta corymbosa Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
杯點牛皮葉 Sticta cyphellulata (Müll.Arg.) Hue (1901)
Sticta dendroides (Nyl.) Moncada, Lücking & de Lange (2018)
Sticta densiphyllidiata Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta deyana Lendemer & Goffinet (2015)
Sticta diversa (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1925)
雙緣牛皮葉 Sticta duplolimbata (Hue) Vain. (1913)
Sticta emmanueliana Moncada, Lücking & Lumbsch (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
蕨狀牛皮葉 Sticta filix (Sw.) Nyl. (1867)
扇形牛皮葉 Sticta flabelliformis
Sticta flavireagens (Gyeln.) Diederich & Ertz (2020)
Sticta flavocyphellata D.J.Galloway (1998)^[5] – 澳大利亞
Sticta flynnii Moncada & Lücking (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
台灣牛皮葉 Sticta formosana
Sticta fragilinata T.McDonald (2003)
Sticta fragilinata in the Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina
Sticta fuliginoides Magain & Sérus. (2015)^[4] – Continental Europe; Canary Islands; eastern North America; Colombia
黑牛皮葉 Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (1803) – widespread
Sticta fuscotomentosa Moncada, Coca & Lücking (2015)
Sticta gallowayana Moncada & Lucking (2015)
Sticta globulifuliginosa Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
柄扇牛皮葉 Sticta gracilis
Sticta guilartensis Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta harrisii Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta hawaiiensis Moncada & Lücking (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
亨利牛皮葉 Sticta henryana
Sticta hirsutifuliginosa Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
Sticta howei D.J.Galloway (1998)^[5] – 澳大利亞
Sticta humboldtii Hook. (1822)
Sticta hypopsiloides Nyl. (1861)
Sticta indica D.D.Awasthi & Upreti (2010)
Sticta isidiokunthii Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta jaguirreana Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
Sticta laciniosa D.J.Galloway (1994)
Sticta latifrons A.Rich. (1832)
Sticta leucoblephara (Müll.Arg.) D.J.Galloway (2004)
粉緣牛皮葉 Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. (1803)
Sticta lobarioides Moncada & Coca (2013)
Sticta lumbschiana Moncada & Lücking (2013)
Sticta macrocyphellata Moncada & Coca (2013)
Sticta macrofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking (2015)
Sticta macrothallina Moncada & Coca (2013)
Sticta maculofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta marginifera Mont. (1842)
Sticta martinii D.J.Galloway (1983)
墨西哥牛皮葉 Sticta mexicana D.J.Galloway (2004)
Sticta microcyphellata Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta minutula Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
假黃牛皮葉 Sticta mougeotiana
Sticta myrioloba (Müll.Arg.) D.J.Galloway (1998)^[5] – 澳大利亞
Sticta nashii D.J.Galloway (2004)
南洋牛皮葉 Sticta neocaledonica
Sticta neopulmonarioides Moncada & Coca (2013)
平滑牛皮葉 Sticta nylanderiana
Sticta papillata Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta parahumboldtii Moncada & Lücking (2013)
Sticta parvilobata Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta pedunculata Kremp. (1874)
Sticta phyllidiifuliginosa Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
Sticta phyllidiokunthii Moncada & Lücking (2013)
寬葉牛皮葉 Sticta platyphylloides
Sticta plumbeociliata Moncada, A.Suárez & Lücking (2015)
Sticta pseudohumboldtii Moncada & Lücking (2013)
Sticta pseudolobaria Moncada & Coca (2013)
Sticta pulmonarioides Moncada & Coca (2013)
墊狀牛皮葉 Sticta pulvinata
Sticta riparia Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta rhizinata Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta rubropruinosa Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta rutilans (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1925)
Sticta sayeri Müll.Arg. (1888)
Sticta silverstonei Moncada & Lücking (2012)
深波牛皮葉 Sticta sinuosa Pers. (1827)
Sticta smithii Moncada & Lücking (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
Sticta stipitata C.Knight (1891)
Sticta subfilicinella Moncada, Coca & Lücking (2015)
Sticta sublimbata (J.Steiner) Swinscow & Krog (1983)
鑲邊牛皮葉 Sticta submarginifera
Sticta subtomentella (C.Knight ex Shirley) Zahlbr. (1925)
Sticta swartzii D.J.Galloway (1994)
Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. (1803) – continental Europe; Andes (Colombia)
Sticta tainorum Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2020)^[6] – 波多黎各
Sticta tatamana Moncada & Coca (2013)
Sticta tesselata Øvstedal (2010)
Sticta torii Ant. Simon & Goward (2018)
Sticta tunjensis Moncada & Lücking (2012)
Sticta variabilis Ach. (1810)
Sticta venosa Lücking, Moncada & Robayo (2011)
Sticta viviana Alej. Suárez & Lücking (2013)
Sticta waikamoi Moncada & Lücking (2020)^[3] – 夏威夷
緣裂牛皮葉 Sticta weigelii
Sticta xanthotropa (Kremp.) D.J.Galloway (2004)

參考文獻

^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th. Wallingford: CABI. 2008: 666. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
^ Sticta (Schreb.) Ach., 1803. GBIF. [2023-01-11]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-16）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Moncada, Bibiana; Luecking, Robert Karl; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten. Rewriting the evolutionary history of the lichen genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae subfam. Lobarioideae) in the Hawaiian islands. Plant and Fungal Systematics. 2020, 65 (1): 95–119. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0005 .
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Magain, Nicolas; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël. Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe. Mycological Progress. 2015, 14 (10). doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1109-0.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Galloway, D. J. Studies on the lichen genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach.: V*. Australian species. Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution. 1998, 15 (1): 117–160. doi:10.11646/bde.15.1.12.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 ^6.6 ^6.7 Mercado‐Díaz, Joel A.; Lücking, Robert; Moncada, Bibiana; Widhelm, Todd J.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten. Elucidating species richness in lichen fungi: The genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico. Taxon. 2020, 69 (5): 851–891. doi:10.1002/tax.12320.

引用文獻

Gilbert OL. Lichens. London: HarperCollins. 2000. ISBN 0-00-220082-1.

[Kirk2008-1] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th. Wallingford: CABI. 2008: 666. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[2] Sticta (Schreb.) Ach., 1803. GBIF. [2023-01-11]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-16）.

[Moncada_et_al._2020-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Moncada, Bibiana; Luecking, Robert Karl; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten. Rewriting the evolutionary history of the lichen genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae subfam. Lobarioideae) in the Hawaiian islands. Plant and Fungal Systematics. 2020, 65 (1): 95–119. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0005 .

[Magain_&_Sérusiaux_2015-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Magain, Nicolas; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël. Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe. Mycological Progress. 2015, 14 (10). doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1109-0.

[Galloway_1998-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Galloway, D. J. Studies on the lichen genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach.: V*. Australian species. Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution. 1998, 15 (1): 117–160. doi:10.11646/bde.15.1.12.

[Mercado‐Díaz_et_al._2020-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 ^6.6 ^6.7 Mercado‐Díaz, Joel A.; Lücking, Robert; Moncada, Bibiana; Widhelm, Todd J.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten. Elucidating species richness in lichen fungi: The genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico. Taxon. 2020, 69 (5): 851–891. doi:10.1002/tax.12320.

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