楊桃毒素
楊桃毒素 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 2-[(2S)-2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid 2-[(2S)-2-胺基-2-羧乙基]-6-羥基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸 | |
別名 | 2-羧基-3-羥基-5-甲氧基-L-苯丙胺酸 |
識別 | |
CAS編號 | 1531600-36-8 |
PubChem | 134728497 |
ChemSpider | 32779488 (±) |
SMILES |
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性質 | |
化學式 | C11H13NO6 |
莫耳質量 | 255.22 g·mol−1 |
若非註明,所有資料均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
楊桃毒素(英語:Caramboxin,簡稱CBX)是一種在楊桃(Averrhoa carambola)中發現的毒素。[1][2]患有某些類型腎臟疾病的人在食用楊桃後容易受到不良的神經系統影響,包括中毒、癲癇發作甚至死亡。[3]楊桃毒素已被確定為造成這些影響的神經毒素。楊桃毒素是一種非蛋白胺基酸,可刺激神經元中的麩胺酸鹽受體。其化學結構類似於苯丙胺酸。楊桃毒素是NMDA和AMPA離子型麩胺酸鹽受體的促效劑,具有強效興奮、驚厥和神經退行性特性。[2]
楊桃中的楊桃毒素和草酸之間可能的相互作用會導致神經毒性和腎毒性作用。不建議空腹食用大量楊桃或其果汁,即使對於腎功能正常的人也是如此。[4]
參考資料
- ^ Star fruit's chemical curse. Chemical & Engineering News. December 2, 2013: 28.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto; Moyses-Neto, Miguel; Del Vecchio, Flavio; Oliveira, José A. C; Dos Santos, Francisco L; Castro, Olagide W; Arisi, Gabriel M; Dantas, Márcio; Carolino, Ruither O. G; Coutinho-Netto, Joaquim; Dagostin, Andre L. A; Rodrigues, Marcelo C. A; Leão, Ricardo M; Quintiliano, Samir A. P; Silva, Luiz F; Gobbo-Neto, Leonardo; Lopes, Norberto P. Elucidating the Neurotoxicity of the Star Fruit. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2013, 52 (49): 13067–70. PMID 24281890. doi:10.1002/anie.201305382.
- ^ Caetano, Camille Pereira; De Sá, Cinara Barros; Faleiros, Bruno Antônio Paixão; Gomes, Marcelo Fonseca Coutinho Fernandes; Pereira, Edna Regina Silva. Neurotoxicity following the Ingestion of Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Hemodialysis. Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis. 2017, 7 (1): 6–12. PMC 5301110 . PMID 28203564. doi:10.1159/000454945.
- ^ Neto, M. M; Silva, G. E; Costa, R. S; Vieira Neto, O. M; Garcia-Cairasco, N; Lopes, N. P; Haendchen, P. F; Silveira, C; Mendes, A. R; Filho, R. R; Dantas, M. Star fruit: Simultaneous neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in people with previously normal renal function. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2009, 2 (6): 485–488. PMC 4421323 . PMID 25949386. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp108.