杨桃毒素

杨桃毒素
	IUPAC名; 2-[(2S)-2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid; 2-[(2S)-2-胺基-2-羧乙基]-6-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸
别名	2-羧基-3-羟基-5-甲氧基-L-苯丙氨酸
识别
CAS号	1531600-36-8
PubChem	134728497
ChemSpider	32779488 (±)
SMILES	OC(=O)c1c(O)cc(OC)cc1C[C@H](N)C(=O)O;
性质
化学式	C11H13NO6
摩尔质量	255.22 g·mol−1
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

杨桃毒素（英语：Caramboxin，简称CBX）是一种在杨桃（Averrhoa carambola）中发现的毒素。^[1]^[2]患有某些类型肾脏疾病的人在食用杨桃后容易受到不良的神经系统影响，包括中毒、癫痫发作甚至死亡。^[3]杨桃毒素已被确定为造成这些影响的神经毒素。杨桃毒素是一种非蛋白氨基酸，可刺激神经元中的谷氨酸盐受体。其化学结构类似于苯丙氨酸。杨桃毒素是NMDA和AMPA离子型谷氨酸盐受体的激动剂，具有强效兴奋、惊厥和神经退行性特性。^[2]

杨桃中的杨桃毒素和草酸之间可能的相互作用会导致神经毒性和肾毒性作用。不建议空腹食用大量杨桃或其果汁，即使对于肾功能正常的人也是如此。^[4]

参考资料

^ Star fruit's chemical curse. Chemical & Engineering News. December 2, 2013: 28.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto; Moyses-Neto, Miguel; Del Vecchio, Flavio; Oliveira, José A. C; Dos Santos, Francisco L; Castro, Olagide W; Arisi, Gabriel M; Dantas, Márcio; Carolino, Ruither O. G; Coutinho-Netto, Joaquim; Dagostin, Andre L. A; Rodrigues, Marcelo C. A; Leão, Ricardo M; Quintiliano, Samir A. P; Silva, Luiz F; Gobbo-Neto, Leonardo; Lopes, Norberto P. Elucidating the Neurotoxicity of the Star Fruit. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2013, 52 (49): 13067–70. PMID 24281890. doi:10.1002/anie.201305382.
^ Caetano, Camille Pereira; De Sá, Cinara Barros; Faleiros, Bruno Antônio Paixão; Gomes, Marcelo Fonseca Coutinho Fernandes; Pereira, Edna Regina Silva. Neurotoxicity following the Ingestion of Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Hemodialysis. Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis. 2017, 7 (1): 6–12. PMC 5301110 . PMID 28203564. doi:10.1159/000454945.
^ Neto, M. M; Silva, G. E; Costa, R. S; Vieira Neto, O. M; Garcia-Cairasco, N; Lopes, N. P; Haendchen, P. F; Silveira, C; Mendes, A. R; Filho, R. R; Dantas, M. Star fruit: Simultaneous neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in people with previously normal renal function. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2009, 2 (6): 485–488. PMC 4421323 . PMID 25949386. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp108.

[1] Star fruit's chemical curse. Chemical & Engineering News. December 2, 2013: 28.

[pmid24281890-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto; Moyses-Neto, Miguel; Del Vecchio, Flavio; Oliveira, José A. C; Dos Santos, Francisco L; Castro, Olagide W; Arisi, Gabriel M; Dantas, Márcio; Carolino, Ruither O. G; Coutinho-Netto, Joaquim; Dagostin, Andre L. A; Rodrigues, Marcelo C. A; Leão, Ricardo M; Quintiliano, Samir A. P; Silva, Luiz F; Gobbo-Neto, Leonardo; Lopes, Norberto P. Elucidating the Neurotoxicity of the Star Fruit. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2013, 52 (49): 13067–70. PMID 24281890. doi:10.1002/anie.201305382.

[3] Caetano, Camille Pereira; De Sá, Cinara Barros; Faleiros, Bruno Antônio Paixão; Gomes, Marcelo Fonseca Coutinho Fernandes; Pereira, Edna Regina Silva. Neurotoxicity following the Ingestion of Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Hemodialysis. Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis. 2017, 7 (1): 6–12. PMC 5301110 . PMID 28203564. doi:10.1159/000454945.

[4] Neto, M. M; Silva, G. E; Costa, R. S; Vieira Neto, O. M; Garcia-Cairasco, N; Lopes, N. P; Haendchen, P. F; Silveira, C; Mendes, A. R; Filho, R. R; Dantas, M. Star fruit: Simultaneous neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in people with previously normal renal function. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2009, 2 (6): 485–488. PMC 4421323 . PMID 25949386. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp108.

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