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阿富汗难民

维基百科,自由的百科全书

阿富汗难民是因为阿富汗战争、迫害(哈扎拉人)、酷刑种族灭绝而被迫背井离乡的阿富汗公民。1978年四月革命和1979年苏阿战争开启了阿富汗的第一波难民潮。这些难民被迫离开阿富汗前往邻国伊朗巴基斯坦以及其他国家避难。1989年2月,苏联撤出阿富汗后,许多阿富汗难民开始返回家园。接踵而至的阿富汗内战阿富汗战争2021年塔利班攻势爆发后,许多阿富汗难民再次逃离家园。

阿富汗是世界上最大的难民来源国之一。[1] 2000年有超过600万阿富汗难民居住在伊朗和巴基斯坦。[2]截至2021年,他们是继委内瑞拉难民叙利亚难民之后的第三大难民群体。[3]一些国际安全援助部队参与国制定了特别计划,允许数千名阿富汗人在北美欧洲定居。[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

2023年10月3日,巴基斯坦要求该国境内的阿富汗难民离开该国。截止11月21日,已有37.4万阿富汗人离开巴基斯坦。[16]此外还有12万多阿富汗难民离开伊朗。[17]

参考文献

  1. ^ More than seven million refugees displaced in 2012. BBC News. June 19, 2013 [2013-11-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-12). 
  2. ^ USCR Country Report Afghanistan: Statistics on refugees and other uprooted people. ReliefWeb. June 19, 2001 [2021-08-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-01). 
  3. ^ Figures at a Glance. UNHCR. June 18, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-27). 
  4. ^ US Expands Eligibility for Afghan Refugee Resettlement. Voice of America. August 2, 2021 [2021-08-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-16). 
  5. ^ US Announces New Refugee Program for Afghans. TOLOnews. August 2, 2021 [2021-08-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-16). 
  6. ^ From Afghan interpreter to US homeless - the long road to the American dream. BBC News. July 30, 2021 [2021-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-30). 
  7. ^ 'Welcome Home': First Group of Evacuated Afghan Interpreters Arrive in US. WMAQ-TV. July 30, 2021 [2021-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-30). The interpreters and their family members are being resettled under a visa program for those who worked with U.S. troops and now face retaliation from the Taliban amid America's withdrawal 
  8. ^ Afghan who aided U.S. arrive at Virginia base, but many others remain in peril. Los Angeles Times. July 30, 2021 [2021-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-17). 
  9. ^ Joe Biden approves $300 million for Afghan refugees. Khaama Press. July 24, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-23). 
  10. ^ House votes to expand and speed up visa process for Afghans who helped the U.S. during war. CNBC. July 22, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-23). 
  11. ^ H.R.3985 - Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021. U.S. Congress. [2021-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-17). 
  12. ^ First Resettled Afghan Refugees and Families Arrive in Canada. U.S. News & World Report. August 5, 2021 [2021-08-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-09). 
  13. ^ Let more Afghan interpreters resettle in UK, say ex-military chiefs. BBC. July 29, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-27). 
  14. ^ Afghans who worked for France get a chance at asylum – and spark an exodus. France 24. June 30, 2021 [2021-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-15). 
  15. ^ Stainburn 2013
  16. ^ 难民署对巴基斯坦驱逐令表示关切,阿富汗回返者处境堪忧. 联合国新闻. 2023-11-21 [2023-11-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-15) (中文). 
  17. ^ 巴基斯坦和伊朗联合驱逐50多万阿富汗国民. 美国之音. 2023-11-21 [2023-11-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-22) (中文).