阿富汗難民
阿富汗難民是因為阿富汗戰爭、迫害(哈扎拉人)、酷刑和種族滅絕而被迫背井離鄉的阿富汗公民。1978年四月革命和1979年蘇阿戰爭開啟了阿富汗的第一波難民潮。這些難民被迫離開阿富汗前往鄰國伊朗和巴基斯坦以及其他國家避難。1989年2月,蘇聯撤出阿富汗後,許多阿富汗難民開始返回家園。接踵而至的阿富汗內戰、阿富汗戰爭、2021年塔利班攻勢爆發後,許多阿富汗難民再次逃離家園。
阿富汗是世界上最大的難民來源國之一。[1] 2000年有超過600萬阿富汗難民居住在伊朗和巴基斯坦。[2]截至2021年,他們是繼委內瑞拉難民和敘利亞難民之後的第三大難民群體。[3]一些國際安全援助部隊參與國制定了特別計劃,允許數千名阿富汗人在北美或歐洲定居。[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
2023年10月3日,巴基斯坦要求該國境內的阿富汗難民離開該國。截止11月21日,已有37.4萬阿富汗人離開巴基斯坦。[16]此外還有12萬多阿富汗難民離開伊朗。[17]
參考文獻
- ^ More than seven million refugees displaced in 2012. BBC News. June 19, 2013 [2013-11-05]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-12).
- ^ USCR Country Report Afghanistan: Statistics on refugees and other uprooted people. ReliefWeb. June 19, 2001 [2021-08-01]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-01).
- ^ Figures at a Glance. UNHCR. June 18, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-27).
- ^ US Expands Eligibility for Afghan Refugee Resettlement. Voice of America. August 2, 2021 [2021-08-03]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-16).
- ^ US Announces New Refugee Program for Afghans. TOLOnews. August 2, 2021 [2021-08-02]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-16).
- ^ From Afghan interpreter to US homeless - the long road to the American dream. BBC News. July 30, 2021 [2021-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30).
- ^ 'Welcome Home': First Group of Evacuated Afghan Interpreters Arrive in US. WMAQ-TV. July 30, 2021 [2021-07-30]. (原始內容存檔於2021-07-30).
The interpreters and their family members are being resettled under a visa program for those who worked with U.S. troops and now face retaliation from the Taliban amid America's withdrawal
- ^ Afghan who aided U.S. arrive at Virginia base, but many others remain in peril. Los Angeles Times. July 30, 2021 [2021-07-30]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-17).
- ^ Joe Biden approves $300 million for Afghan refugees. Khaama Press. July 24, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始內容存檔於2021-11-23).
- ^ House votes to expand and speed up visa process for Afghans who helped the U.S. during war. CNBC. July 22, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-23).
- ^ H.R.3985 - Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021. U.S. Congress. [2021-07-23]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-17).
- ^ First Resettled Afghan Refugees and Families Arrive in Canada. U.S. News & World Report. August 5, 2021 [2021-08-05]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-09).
- ^ Let more Afghan interpreters resettle in UK, say ex-military chiefs. BBC. July 29, 2021 [2021-07-29]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-27).
- ^ Afghans who worked for France get a chance at asylum – and spark an exodus. France 24. June 30, 2021 [2021-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-15).
- ^ Stainburn 2013
- ^ 难民署对巴基斯坦驱逐令表示关切,阿富汗回返者处境堪忧. 聯合國新聞. 2023-11-21 [2023-11-22]. (原始內容存檔於2023-12-15) (中文).
- ^ 巴基斯坦和伊朗联合驱逐50多万阿富汗国民. 美國之音. 2023-11-21 [2023-11-22]. (原始內容存檔於2023-11-22) (中文).