量子隱形傳態

量子遙傳（quantum teleportation），又稱量子隱形傳輸、量子隱形傳送、量子隱形傳態，是一種利用量子纏結來傳送量子態至任意距離的技術。 名詞翻譯可能最早見於 2000 年科學月刊上的文章，因為 tele 字首表示遠方的意思。 量子遙傳並不會傳送任何物質或能量。這樣的技術在量子資訊與量子計算上相當有幫助。然而，這方式無法傳遞傳統的資訊，因此無法使用在超光速的通訊上面。量子遙傳與一般所說的瞬間移動沒有關係，量子遙傳無法傳遞系統本身，也無法用來安排分子以在另一端組成物體。

2019年8月18日中國科學技術大學潘建偉、陸朝陽等和奧地利維也納大學蔡林格(Zeilinger)小組合作，在國際上首次成功實現高維度量子體系的隱形傳態。此前的實驗中只能完成二維傳輸，此一突破可以達成任意維度傳輸，向實用化大幅推進。該研究成果發表於國際權威學術期刊《物理評論快報》(PRL)。

參考文獻

• Theoretical proposal:
  • C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W. K. Wootters, Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895-1899 (1993) (pdf). This is the seminal paper that laid out the entanglement protocol.
  • L. Vaidman, Teleportation of Quantum States, Phys. Rev. A 49, 1473-1476 (1994)
  • G Brassard, S Braunstein, R Cleve, Teleportation as a Quantum Computation, Physica D 120 43-47 (1998)
  • A. Peres, "What is actually teleported?", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 48, Issue 1, (2004)(this document online （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）)
  • G. Rigolin, Quantum Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two Qubit State and its Relation to Multipartite Entanglement, Phys. Rev. A 71 032303 (2005)(this document online （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）)
  • Shi-Biao Zheng, "Scheme for approximate conditional teleportation of an unknown atomic state without the Bell-state measurement", Phys. Rev. A 69, 064302 (2004).
  • W. B. Cardoso, A. T. Avelar, B. Baseia, and N. G. de Almeida, "Teleportation of entangled states without Bell-state measurement", Phys. Rev. A 72, 045802 (2005) Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2013-02-23.
  • Michael N. Leuenberger, Michael E. Flatte, David D. Awschalom, "Teleportation of Electronic Many-Qubit States Encoded in the Electron Spin of Quantum Dots via Single Photons", Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 107401 (2005) Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2013-02-23.
• First experiments with photons:
  • D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, Experimental Quantum Teleportation, Nature 390, 6660, 575-579 (1997).
  • D. Boschi, S. Branca, F. De Martini, L. Hardy, & S. Popescu, Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown Pure Quantum State via Dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 6, 1121-1125 (1998)
  • Y.-H. Kim, S.P. Kulik, and Y. Shih, Quantum teleportation of a polarization state with a complete bell state measurement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1370 (2001).
  • I. Marcikic, H. de Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin, Long-Distance Teleportation of Qubits at Telecommunication Wavelengths, Nature, 421, 509 (2003)
  • R. Ursin et al., Quantum Teleportation Link across the Danube, Nature 430, 849 (2004)
• First experiments with atoms:
  • M. Riebe, H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, W. Hänsel, M. Ruth, J. Benhelm, G. P. T. Lancaster, T. W. Körber, C. Becher, F. Schmidt-Kaler, D. F. V. James, R. Blatt, Deterministic Quantum Teleportation with Atoms, Nature 429, 734-737 (2004)
  • M. D. Barrett, J. Chiaverini, T. Schaetz, J. Britton, W. M. Itano, J. D. Jost, E. Knill, C. Langer, D. Leibfried, R. Ozeri, D. J. Wineland, Deterministic Quantum Teleportation of Atomic Qubits, Nature 429, 737 (2004).
  • S. Olmschenk, D. N. Matsukevich, P. Maunz, D. Hayes, L.-M. Duan, and C. Monroe, Quantum Teleportation between Distant Matter Qubits, Science 323, 486 (2009).

參見

• 量子力學
  • 量子力學入門
  • Quantum nonlocality
  • 量子電腦
  • 量子糾纏
  • 不確定性原理
  • Quantum energy teleportation
• 古澤明

外部連結

• signandsight.com:"Spooky action and beyond" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） - Interview with Prof. Dr. Anton Zeilinger about quantum teleportation. Date: 2006-02-16
• Quantum Teleportation at IBM （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Physicists Succeed In Transferring Information Between Matter And Light （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Quantum telecloning: Captain Kirk's clone and the eavesdropper （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Teleportation-based approaches to universal quantum computation
• Teleportation as a quantum computation
• Quantum teleportation with atoms: quantum process tomography
• Entangled State Teleportation
• Fidelity of quantum teleportation through noisy channels by （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• TelePOVM— A generalized quantum teleportation scheme （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Entanglement Teleportation via Werner States
• Quantum Teleportation of a Polarization State
• The Time Travel Handbook: A Manual of Practical Teleportation & Time Travel
• letters to nature: Deterministic quantum teleportation with atoms
• Quantum teleportation with a complete Bell state measurement
• Welcome to the quantum Internet. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Science News, Aug. 16 2008.
• Quantum experiments - interactive. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• "A (mostly serious) introduction to quantum teleportation for non-physicists （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）"