焦點 (語言學)

焦點（縮寫為：foc）是一種語法的類別，用於確定句子的哪一部分能夠提供新的、不可推導的或對比的信息。^[1]焦點與信息結構（英語：Information structure）有關。對比焦點尤其是指與對話者 (語言學)（英語：對話者）的前提相反之信息編碼。^[2]^[3]^[4]

相關詞條包括評論以及述位(Rheme)。^[4]^[5]^[6]

參見

^ Halliday, M., Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English (Part 2), Journal of Linguistics 3.: 206, 1967
^ Givon, Talmy, Syntax: An Introduction Vol. II, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 2001
^ Lambrecht, Knud, Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representation of Discourse Referents, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Camacho, José; Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Bravo; Liliana Sánchez, Information Structure in the Languages of the Americas: Syntactic Approaches, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2010
^ Bates, Elizabeth; Brian MacWhinney, Dirven, Rene; V. Fried , 編, A functionalist approach to the acquisition of grammar, Functionalism in Linguistics (Amersterdam: John Benjamins), 1987: 209–264.
^ Mel』čuk, Igor A., Communicative Organization in Natural Language: The Semantic-Communicative Structure of Sentences, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001

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