梅賽德斯·奔馳仿生車

Mercedes-Benz Bionic
Mercedes-Benz Bionic
概覽
製造商	Mercedes-Benz
生產日期	Concept car (2005)
動力系統
引擎	1.9-liter four-cylinder direct-injection turbodiesel. 138 hp（103 kW）
變速器	Autotronic CVT transmission
規格
軸距	101英寸（2,565 mm）
長度	167英寸（4,242 mm）
寬度	71.5英寸（1,816 mm）
高度	62.8英寸（1,595 mm）
整備質量	2,425磅（1,100公斤）

梅賽德斯·奔馳仿生車（Mercedes-Benz Bionic）是梅賽德斯-平治集團旗下戴姆勒克萊斯勒股份公司推出的一款概念車。它於2005年在華盛頓哥倫比亞特區舉行的戴姆勒-克萊斯勒創新研討會上首次推出。仿生車以黃箱魨（Ostracion cubicus）為原型，^[1]採用選擇性催化還原技術，氮氧化物排放量降低了80%。

引擎和性能

仿生車搭載103千瓦的直噴柴油引擎，平均燃油經濟性為54.7MPG（~4.3 L/100 公里）。^[2]這款發動機的輸出功率約為140 hp（104 kW），轉速略高於221 ft·lbf（300 N·m）扭矩約為 1600 rpm 。仿生車從0加速至97 km/h 大約需要八秒，最高速度略高於190 km/h（118 mph）。

設計

該車的外觀設計以生活在珊瑚礁中的海洋魚類粒突箱魨（Ostracion cubicus）為原型。梅賽德斯-奔馳仿生車之所以以其為原型，是因為粒突箱魨的身體形狀和外骨骼的堅硬程度決定了其低阻力系數，這也影響了該車與眾不同的外觀。^[3]人們認為，箱魚的外形可以提高空氣動力學性能和穩定性。^[4]然而，2015 年，《皇家學會界面雜誌》上的一篇論文稱，「與更普遍的魚類體形相比，所研究的兩種黃箱魚的減阻性能相對較低」。^[5]^[6]設計的其他部分還包括後輪部分採用塑料材質，並將其視為輕型車輛。梅賽德斯-奔馳公司報告的風阻係數為 0.19；相比之下，_Cd值最低的量產車是通用汽車 EV1，為 0.195。雖然仿生車的內部容積比EV1大得多，但由於阻力是面積和阻力係數的乘積，Bionic更大的正面面積使得EV1整體上更符合空氣動力學原理。

該車可容納四人。^[2]

參考

^ "Bionic" Car Fueled by Fishy Ideas. National Geographic. 15 June 2005 [18 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於19 October 2013）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Padeanu, Adrian. 2005 Mercedes Bionic: Concept We Forgot. Motor1.com. 2 January 2019 [22 January 2019]. 引用錯誤：帶有name屬性「motor1」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
^ Kozlov, Andrei; Chowdhury, Harun; Mustary, Israt; Loganathan, Bavin; Alam, Firoz. Bio-Inspired Design: Aerodynamics of Boxfish. Procedia Engineering. 2015, 105: 323–328. ISSN 1877-7058. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.007 .
^ The Energy-Efficient Boxfish. Awake!. Vol. 90 no. 7 (Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York). July 2009: 10 [22 January 2019]. ISSN 0005-237X. Engineers believe that the boxfish provides the secret to producing a safer, more fuel-efficient, yet lightweight, vehicle. 「Quite frankly,」 says research and development chief Dr. Thomas Weber, 「we were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish, of all things, became our model for designing an aerodynamic and fuel-efficient car.」
^ Jake, Buehler. A Real Drag. Mercedes-Benz modeled a car on the boxfish. Only it completely misunderstood the boxfish.. Slate. 11 March 2015 [22 April 2020]. The boxfish does not lament the absence of a course correction mechanism, as its instability is one of its greatest assets on the reef, permitting it to swiftly whirl wherever it pleases, which, much to my aggravation, always seems to be as far away from me as possible. The boxfish carapace may still find utility in bionics, but based on what we now know about its instability, perhaps a better place to start would be with spinning, vomit-soaked amusement park rides.
^ S., Van Wassenbergh; van Manen, K. Boxfish swimming paradox resolved: forces by the flow of water around the body promote manoeuvrability. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 6 February 2015, 12 (103) [22 April 2020]. PMID 25505133. doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.1146. hdl:10067/1212670151162165141 . Firstly, despite serving as a model system in aerodynamic design, drag-reduction performance was relatively low compared with more generalized fish morphologies. Secondly, the current theory of course stabilization owing to flow over the boxfish carapace was rejected, as destabilizing moments were found consistently. This solves the boxfish swimming paradox: destabilizing moments enhance manoeuvrability, which is in accordance with the ecological demands for efficient turning and tilting.

[1] "Bionic" Car Fueled by Fishy Ideas. National Geographic. 15 June 2005 [18 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於19 October 2013）.

[motor1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Padeanu, Adrian. 2005 Mercedes Bionic: Concept We Forgot. Motor1.com. 2 January 2019 [22 January 2019]. 引用錯誤：帶有name屬性「motor1」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次

[KozlovChowdhury2015-3] Kozlov, Andrei; Chowdhury, Harun; Mustary, Israt; Loganathan, Bavin; Alam, Firoz. Bio-Inspired Design: Aerodynamics of Boxfish. Procedia Engineering. 2015, 105: 323–328. ISSN 1877-7058. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.007 .

[4] The Energy-Efficient Boxfish. Awake!. Vol. 90 no. 7 (Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York). July 2009: 10 [22 January 2019]. ISSN 0005-237X. Engineers believe that the boxfish provides the secret to producing a safer, more fuel-efficient, yet lightweight, vehicle. 「Quite frankly,」 says research and development chief Dr. Thomas Weber, 「we were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish, of all things, became our model for designing an aerodynamic and fuel-efficient car.」

[5] Jake, Buehler. A Real Drag. Mercedes-Benz modeled a car on the boxfish. Only it completely misunderstood the boxfish.. Slate. 11 March 2015 [22 April 2020]. The boxfish does not lament the absence of a course correction mechanism, as its instability is one of its greatest assets on the reef, permitting it to swiftly whirl wherever it pleases, which, much to my aggravation, always seems to be as far away from me as possible. The boxfish carapace may still find utility in bionics, but based on what we now know about its instability, perhaps a better place to start would be with spinning, vomit-soaked amusement park rides.

[6] S., Van Wassenbergh; van Manen, K. Boxfish swimming paradox resolved: forces by the flow of water around the body promote manoeuvrability. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 6 February 2015, 12 (103) [22 April 2020]. PMID 25505133. doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.1146. hdl:10067/1212670151162165141 . Firstly, despite serving as a model system in aerodynamic design, drag-reduction performance was relatively low compared with more generalized fish morphologies. Secondly, the current theory of course stabilization owing to flow over the boxfish carapace was rejected, as destabilizing moments were found consistently. This solves the boxfish swimming paradox: destabilizing moments enhance manoeuvrability, which is in accordance with the ecological demands for efficient turning and tilting.

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