收穫蟻屬

收穫蟻屬
	未交配的野蠻收穫蟻雌性繁殖蟻 Messor barbarus（英語：Messor barbarus）
	一個工匠收穫蟻的群落 Messor strutor
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
亞科：	家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
屬：	收穫蟻屬 Messor; Forel, 1890
模式種
	野蠻收穫蟻 Formica barbara; Linnaeus, 1767
多樣性
	100種以上左右
異名
	Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892; Lobognathus Enzmann, J., 1947

收穫蟻屬（學名：Messor）又稱收割家蟻屬，是蟻科、切葉蟻亞科的一個屬，該屬有着100多個成員，命名方式源自羅馬神話中的農作物和收穫之神梅索爾（Messor）。地下群落通常分佈在空曠的田野和路邊附近，開口直接通向地面。

該屬物種的群落可達到很大的規模，並以其設計精巧的糧倉而聞名。在糧倉中，種子被儲存在乾燥的環境中，以防止發芽。收穫蟻的結構巢穴非常複雜，總體而言，該屬物種有着很強大的建築能力。

收穫蟻有很多種分化，並且具有獨特的大頭特化，它們的作用是搬運種子以及開種子。雖然它們主要以種子為食，但偶爾也會吃蟲肉。一些蝸牛殼可能因為其形狀像穀物而被帶入巢穴。 ^[2]

收穫蟻具有堅韌、光滑的幾丁質外骨骼。行動緩慢，形成長長的攜帶種子的通道。收穫蟻往往是單後制的，一個群落僅由一位蟻后建立，但在人為的環境下，收穫蟻可以變成多後群落，但這往往會有擇後（指蟻群選舉蟻后，弱的蟻后將被處死）的風險。

以沙地收穫蟻（Messor arenarius）為例，與其他類型的收割蟻一樣，它們在尋找食物來源時會釋放追蹤信息素，並在個體層面上進行操作。 ^[3]

下屬物種屬物種

該屬包括一下物種：

阿氏收穫蟻 Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
針毛收穫蟻 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
- 上海收穫蟻 Messor aciculatus subsp. risianus
埃及收穫蟻 Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981
Messor mediorubra
Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
角收穫蟻 Messor angularis Santschi, 1928 小肯雅收穫蟻
Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
沙地收穫蟻 Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
- 沙地收穫蟻阿氏亞種 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi,1938
- 沙地收穫蟻惡魔亞種 Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus Santschi,1938
- 沙地收穫蟻底比斯亞種 Messor arenarius subsp. thebaicus Santschi,1912
Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
野蠻收穫蟻 Messor barbarus（英語：Messor barbarus） (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收穫蟻、芭芭拉收穫蟻
- 野蠻收穫蟻五倍子亞種 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi, 1929
- 野蠻收穫蟻光滑亞種 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev, 1912
- 野蠻收穫蟻血胸亞種 Messor barbarusmediosanguineus Donisthorpe, 1946
Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
開普敦收穫蟻 Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
Messor plinii
大頭收穫蟻 Messor capitatus（英語：Messor capitatus） (Latreille, 1798)
Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
巨首收穫蟻 Messor cephalotes（英語：Messor cephalotes） (Emery, 1895) 肯雅收穫蟻
Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
Messor arcistriatus
Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
移動收穫蟻 Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
沒食子收穫蟻 Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
Messor ebininus Santschi
希伯來收穫蟻 Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
無刺收穫蟻 Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
克孜勒庫姆收穫蟻 Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
Messor eglalae Sharaf
葡萄牙收穫蟻 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
Messor mcarthuri
Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
小收穫蟻 minor (Andre, 1883)
- 小收穫蟻卡普里亞種 Messor minor capreensis Santschi, 1927
- 小收穫蟻卡拉布里亞亞種 Messor minor calabricus Santschi, 1927
- 小收穫蟻西方亞種 Messor minor hesperius Santschi, 1927
- 小收穫蟻摩爾亞種 Messor minor maurus Barquin, 1981
Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor pergandei（英語：Messor pergandei） (Mayr, 1886)
Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
着色收穫蟻 Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917
Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
王者收穫蟻 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
紅結收穫蟻 Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
條紋收穫蟻 Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
工匠收穫蟻 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
亞細節收穫蟻 Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
熱帶收穫蟻 Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
強壯收穫蟻 Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
沃斯曼收穫蟻 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910

Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
Messor spec Santschi, 1927
Messor erectus

參考文獻

^ Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].
^ Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14 .
^ Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].

[2] Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14 .

[3] Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.

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