收获蚁属

收获蚁属
	未交配的野蛮收获蚁雌性繁殖蚁 Messor barbarus（英语：Messor barbarus）
	一个工匠收获蚁的群落 Messor strutor
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
亚科：	家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae
属：	收获蚁属 Messor; Forel, 1890
模式种
	野蛮收获蚁 Formica barbara; Linnaeus, 1767
多样性
	100种以上左右
异名
	Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892; Lobognathus Enzmann, J., 1947

收获蚁属（学名：Messor）又称收割家蚁属，是蚁科、切叶蚁亚科的一个属，该属有着100多个成员，命名方式源自罗马神话中的农作物和收获之神梅索尔（Messor）。地下群落通常分布在空旷的田野和路边附近，开口直接通向地面。

该属物种的群落可达到很大的规模，并以其设计精巧的粮仓而闻名。在粮仓中，种子被储存在干燥的环境中，以防止发芽。收获蚁的结构巢穴非常复杂，总体而言，该属物种有着很强大的建筑能力。

收获蚁有很多种分化，并且具有独特的大头特化，它们的作用是搬运种子以及开种子。虽然它们主要以种子为食，但偶尔也会吃虫肉。一些蜗牛壳可能因为其形状像谷物而被带入巢穴。 ^[2]

收获蚁具有坚韧、光滑的几丁质外骨骼。行动缓慢，形成长长的携带种子的通道。收获蚁往往是单后制的，一个群落仅由一位蚁后建立，但在人为的环境下，收获蚁可以变成多后群落，但这往往会有择后（指蚁群选举蚁后，弱的蚁后将被处死）的风险。

以沙地收获蚁（Messor arenarius）为例，与其他类型的收割蚁一样，它们在寻找食物来源时会释放追踪信息素，并在个体层面上进行操作。 ^[3]

下属物种属物种

该属包括一下物种：

阿氏收获蚁 Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
- 上海收获蚁 Messor aciculatus subsp. risianus
埃及收获蚁 Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981
Messor mediorubra
Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
角收获蚁 Messor angularis Santschi, 1928 小肯尼亚收获蚁
Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
沙地收获蚁 Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
- 沙地收获蚁阿氏亚种 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi,1938
- 沙地收获蚁恶魔亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus Santschi,1938
- 沙地收获蚁底比斯亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. thebaicus Santschi,1912
Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
野蛮收获蚁 Messor barbarus（英语：Messor barbarus） (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收获蚁、芭芭拉收获蚁
- 野蛮收获蚁五倍子亚种 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi, 1929
- 野蛮收获蚁光滑亚种 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev, 1912
- 野蛮收获蚁血胸亚种 Messor barbarusmediosanguineus Donisthorpe, 1946
Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
开普敦收获蚁 Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
Messor plinii
大头收获蚁 Messor capitatus（英语：Messor capitatus） (Latreille, 1798)
Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
巨首收获蚁 Messor cephalotes（英语：Messor cephalotes） (Emery, 1895) 肯尼亚收获蚁
Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
Messor arcistriatus
Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
移动收获蚁 Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
没食子收获蚁 Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
Messor ebininus Santschi
希伯来收获蚁 Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
无刺收获蚁 Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
克孜勒库姆收获蚁 Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
Messor eglalae Sharaf
葡萄牙收获蚁 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
Messor mcarthuri
Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
小收获蚁 minor (Andre, 1883)
- 小收获蚁卡普里亚种 Messor minor capreensis Santschi, 1927
- 小收获蚁卡拉布里亚亚种 Messor minor calabricus Santschi, 1927
- 小收获蚁西方亚种 Messor minor hesperius Santschi, 1927
- 小收获蚁摩尔亚种 Messor minor maurus Barquin, 1981
Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor pergandei（英语：Messor pergandei） (Mayr, 1886)
Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
着色收获蚁 Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917
Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
王者收获蚁 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
红结收获蚁 Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
条纹收获蚁 Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
工匠收获蚁 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
亚细节收获蚁 Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
热带收获蚁 Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
强壮收获蚁 Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
沃斯曼收获蚁 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910

Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
Messor spec Santschi, 1927
Messor erectus

参考文献

^ Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].
^ Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14 .
^ Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].

[2] Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14 .

[3] Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.

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