折射率列表
作為物質的特徵之一,不同的物質具有不同的折射率,且折射率與光的頻率有關。標準折射率是指光波長為589納米(即鈉原子光譜中的雙黃線)條件下測量得到的折射率。
折射率亦與溫度、壓強或應力、物質組成(例如雜質含量)等有較弱的關聯。對於大多數物質來說,通常情況下這些因素導致的折射率變化在1%或更低的數量級。然而,若對精度有所要求,就有必要引用折射率的測量來源。
一般來說,折射率是複數,即包含實數和虛數部分,其中虛數部分表徵物質對特定波長的光的吸收強度,因此虛數部分有時也被稱為消光係數。折射率的虛數部分有時十分重要,例如可見光在金屬中傳播的情況中,在描述折射率時必須包含其虛數部分。
折射率列表
物質 | λ (nm) | n | 來源 |
---|---|---|---|
真空 | 1 (定義值) | ||
標準狀況下的空氣 | 1.000277 | ||
0 °C,1 標準大氣壓下的氣體 | |||
地球大氣層 | 589.29 | 1.000293 | [1] |
二氧化碳 | 589.29 | 1.001 | [2][3][4] |
氦 | 589.29 | 1.000036 | [1] |
氫 | 589.29 | 1.000132 | [1] |
20 °C 的液體 | |||
溶於二碘甲烷的三硫化二砷和硫 | 1.9 | [5] | |
二硫化碳 | 589.29 | 1.628 | [1] |
苯 | 589.29 | 1.501 | [1] |
四氯化碳 | 589.29 | 1.461 | [1] |
矽油 (nD25) | 589.29 | 1.393–1.403 | [6] |
煤油 | 1.39 | ||
乙醇 (ethyl alcohol) | 589.29 | 1.361 | [1] |
丙酮 | 1.36 | ||
水 | 589.29 | 1.330 | [1] |
10% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.3477 | [7] |
20% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.3635 | [7] |
60% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.4394 | [7] |
室溫下的固體 | |||
碳化矽(莫桑石) | 589.29 | 2.65 | [8] |
二氧化鈦(金紅石) | 589.29 | 2.614 | [9][10] |
鑽石 | 589.29 | 2.417 | [1] |
鈦酸鍶 | 589.29 | 2.41 | [11] |
五氧化二鉭 | 589.29 | 2.15 | [12] |
琥珀 | 589.29 | 1.55 | [1] |
氯化鈉 | 589.29 | 1.544 | [13] |
熔融石英 | 589.29 | 1.458 | [1][14] |
其他物質 | |||
液氦 | 1.025 | ||
全氟己烷 | 1.251 | [15] | |
冰 | 1.31 | ||
無定型含氟樹脂(Teflon AF) | 1.315 | [16][17] | |
冰晶石 | 1.338 | ||
Cytop | 1.34 | [18] | |
聚四氟乙烯 | 1.35–1.38 | [19] | |
25%食糖溶液 | 1.3723 | [20] | |
人角膜 | 1.373/1.380/1.401 | [21] | |
人晶狀體 | 1.386–1.406 | ||
人肝臟 | 964 | 1.369 | [22] |
人消化道 | 964 | 1.329-1.338 | [23] |
乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(氟塑膜) | 1.403 | [24] | |
聚二甲基矽氧烷 | 1.4118 | [25] | |
50%食糖溶液 | 1.4200 | [20] | |
聚乳酸 | 1.46 | [26] | |
派熱克斯玻璃 | 1.470 | [27] | |
植物油 | 1.47 | [28] | |
甘油 | 1.4729 | ||
75%食糖溶液 | 1.4774 | [20] | |
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 | 1.4893–1.4899 | ||
石鹽 | 1.516 | ||
玻璃片 | 1.52 | ||
冕牌玻璃(純淨) | 1.50–1.54 | ||
PETg | 1.57 | ||
聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET) | 1.5750 | ||
聚碳酸酯 | 150 | 1.60 | [30] |
冕牌玻璃(不純淨) | 1.485–1.755 | ||
燧石玻璃(純淨) | 1.60–1.62 | ||
溴 | 1.661 | ||
燧石玻璃(不純淨) | 1.523–1.925 | ||
藍寶石 | 1.762–1.778 | ||
氮化硼 | 2-2.14 | [31] | |
立方氧化鋯 | 2.15–2.18 | [32] | |
鈮酸鉀 (KNbO3) | 2.28 | ||
氧化鋅 | 390 | 2.4 | |
硃砂 (硫化汞) | 3.02 | ||
矽 | 1200 - 8500 | 3.42–3.48 | [33] |
磷化鎵 | 3.5 | ||
砷化鎵 | 3.927 | ||
鍺 | 3000 - 16000 | 4.05–4.01 | [34] |
參見
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外部連結
- International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ioffe institute, Russian Federation (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Crystran, United Kingdom (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Jena University, Germany (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Hyperphysics list of refractive indices (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Luxpop: Index of refraction values and photonics calculations (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Kaye and Laby Online Provided by the 英國國家物理實驗室
- List of Refractive Indices of Solvents