折射率列表
作为物质的特征之一,不同的物质具有不同的折射率,且折射率与光的频率有关。标准折射率是指光波长为589纳米(即钠原子光谱中的双黄线)条件下测量得到的折射率。
折射率亦与温度、压强或应力、物质组成(例如杂质含量)等有较弱的关联。对于大多数物质来说,通常情况下这些因素导致的折射率变化在1%或更低的数量级。然而,若对精度有所要求,就有必要引用折射率的测量来源。
一般来说,折射率是复数,即包含实数和虚数部分,其中虚数部分表征物质对特定波长的光的吸收强度,因此虚数部分有时也被称为消光系数。折射率的虚数部分有时十分重要,例如可见光在金属中传播的情况中,在描述折射率时必须包含其虚数部分。
折射率列表
物质 | λ (nm) | n | 来源 |
---|---|---|---|
真空 | 1 (定义值) | ||
标准状况下的空气 | 1.000277 | ||
0 °C,1 标准大气压下的气体 | |||
地球大气层 | 589.29 | 1.000293 | [1] |
二氧化碳 | 589.29 | 1.001 | [2][3][4] |
氦 | 589.29 | 1.000036 | [1] |
氢 | 589.29 | 1.000132 | [1] |
20 °C 的液体 | |||
溶于二碘甲烷的三硫化二砷和硫 | 1.9 | [5] | |
二硫化碳 | 589.29 | 1.628 | [1] |
苯 | 589.29 | 1.501 | [1] |
四氯化碳 | 589.29 | 1.461 | [1] |
硅油 (nD25) | 589.29 | 1.393–1.403 | [6] |
煤油 | 1.39 | ||
乙醇 (ethyl alcohol) | 589.29 | 1.361 | [1] |
丙酮 | 1.36 | ||
水 | 589.29 | 1.330 | [1] |
10% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.3477 | [7] |
20% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.3635 | [7] |
60% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.4394 | [7] |
室温下的固体 | |||
碳化硅(莫桑石) | 589.29 | 2.65 | [8] |
二氧化钛(金红石) | 589.29 | 2.614 | [9][10] |
钻石 | 589.29 | 2.417 | [1] |
钛酸锶 | 589.29 | 2.41 | [11] |
五氧化二钽 | 589.29 | 2.15 | [12] |
琥珀 | 589.29 | 1.55 | [1] |
氯化钠 | 589.29 | 1.544 | [13] |
熔融石英 | 589.29 | 1.458 | [1][14] |
其他物质 | |||
液氦 | 1.025 | ||
全氟己烷 | 1.251 | [15] | |
冰 | 1.31 | ||
无定型含氟树脂(Teflon AF) | 1.315 | [16][17] | |
冰晶石 | 1.338 | ||
Cytop | 1.34 | [18] | |
聚四氟乙烯 | 1.35–1.38 | [19] | |
25%食糖溶液 | 1.3723 | [20] | |
人角膜 | 1.373/1.380/1.401 | [21] | |
人晶状体 | 1.386–1.406 | ||
人肝脏 | 964 | 1.369 | [22] |
人消化道 | 964 | 1.329-1.338 | [23] |
乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(氟塑膜) | 1.403 | [24] | |
聚二甲基硅氧烷 | 1.4118 | [25] | |
50%食糖溶液 | 1.4200 | [20] | |
聚乳酸 | 1.46 | [26] | |
派热克斯玻璃 | 1.470 | [27] | |
植物油 | 1.47 | [28] | |
甘油 | 1.4729 | ||
75%食糖溶液 | 1.4774 | [20] | |
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 | 1.4893–1.4899 | ||
石盐 | 1.516 | ||
玻璃片 | 1.52 | ||
冕牌玻璃(纯净) | 1.50–1.54 | ||
PETg | 1.57 | ||
聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET) | 1.5750 | ||
聚碳酸酯 | 150 | 1.60 | [30] |
冕牌玻璃(不纯净) | 1.485–1.755 | ||
燧石玻璃(纯净) | 1.60–1.62 | ||
溴 | 1.661 | ||
燧石玻璃(不纯净) | 1.523–1.925 | ||
蓝宝石 | 1.762–1.778 | ||
氮化硼 | 2-2.14 | [31] | |
立方氧化锆 | 2.15–2.18 | [32] | |
铌酸钾 (KNbO3) | 2.28 | ||
氧化锌 | 390 | 2.4 | |
朱砂 (硫化汞) | 3.02 | ||
硅 | 1200 - 8500 | 3.42–3.48 | [33] |
磷化镓 | 3.5 | ||
砷化镓 | 3.927 | ||
锗 | 3000 - 16000 | 4.05–4.01 | [34] |
参见
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外部链接
- International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Ioffe institute, Russian Federation (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Crystran, United Kingdom (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Jena University, Germany (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Hyperphysics list of refractive indices (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Luxpop: Index of refraction values and photonics calculations (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Kaye and Laby Online Provided by the 英国国家物理实验室
- List of Refractive Indices of Solvents