盧維語
| 盧維語 | |
|---|---|
| luwili | |
| 母語國家和地區 | 赫梯帝國、阿爾札瓦、新赫梯城邦 |
| 區域 | 安納托利亞、敘利亞北部 |
| 語言滅亡 | 約公元前600年 |
| 語系 | |
| 語言代碼 | |
| ISO 639-3 | xlu |
 | |
盧維語（/ˈluːiən/，在英語中有時也被稱作Luvian或者 Luish） 是一種或是一族在印歐語系中的安那托利亞語族裏面的語言。按照書寫方式的不同，盧維語可分為兩種不同的形式：楔形文字式盧維語（Cuneiform Luwian，CLuwian） 和 象形文字式盧維語（Hieroglyphic Luwian，HLuwian）。至於是將它們看作一種語言還是兩種語言，在學術界並沒有定論。
在安納托利亞語族中的其他一些語言已經被證實與盧維語非常相似，這表明這些語言在楔形文字式盧維語和象形文字式盧維語中應該有自己的分支。有一些語言學家將這些語言分支稱為盧維語支或直接稱為盧維語，所以在語言分類上盧維語代表了盧維語中全部的語言。而其他的語言學家，比如梅爾查特，則喜歡用盧維語支來代表這一類語言，用盧維語代表楔形文字式盧維語和象形文字式盧維語。[1]
分類
安那托利亞
盧維語和赫梯語有很高的相似性。
特洛伊假說
雖然盧維語和呂西亞語並不是同一個直系祖先，但它們有語言學上的聯繫。[2]所以盧維語也被推測可能是特洛伊人所說的語言。[3]
參考資料
- ^ Melchert 2012，第14頁
- ^ Melchert 2003, pp. 175-7 with ref; Melchert 2008a:46.
- ^ Watkins 1994; Watkins 1995:144–51; Melchert 2003, pp. 265-70 with ref.
延伸閱讀
- Beekes, R. S. P. "Luwians and Lydians", Kadmos 42 (2003): 47–9.
- Gander, Max. "Asia, Ionia, Maeonia und Luwiya? Bemerkungen zu den neuen Toponymen aus Kom el-Hettan (Theben-West) mit Exkursen zu Westkleinasien in der Spätbronzezeit". Klio 97/2 (2015): 443-502.
- Gander, Max "The West: Philology". Hittite Landscape and Geography, M. Weeden and L. Z. Ullmann (eds.). Leiden: Brill, 2017. pp. 262–280.
- Hawkins, J. D. "Tarkasnawa King of Mira: 'Tarkendemos', Boğazköy Sealings, and Karabel", Anatolian Studies 48 (1998): 1–31.
- Hawkins, J. D. "The Arzawa letters in recent perspective", British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 14 (2009): 73–83.
- Hawkins, J. D. "A New Look at the Luwian Language". Kadmos 52/1 (2013): 1-18.
- Laroche, Emmanuel. Catalogue des textes hittites. Paris: Klincksieck, 1971.
- Matessi, A. "The Making of Hittite Imperial Landscapes: Territoriality and Balance of Power in South-Central Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, AoP (2017).
- Melchert H. Craig. "Greek mólybdos as a loanword from Lydian", in Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and their Neighbours, eds. B. J. Collins et al. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2008, pp. 153–7.
- Melchert, H. Craig. 'Lycian', in The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, ed. R. D. Woodard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 46–55, esp. 46.
- Melchert, H. Craig, ed. The Luwians. Boston: Brill, 2003. ISBN 90-04-13009-8.
- Melchert, H. Craig. Anatolian Historical Phonology. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
- Melchert, H. Craig. Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon. Chapel Hill: self-published, 1993.
- Melchert, H. Craig. "PIE velars in Luvian", in Studies in memory of Warren Cowgill (1929–1985): Papers from the Fourth East Coast Indo-European Conference, Cornell University, June 6–9, 1985, ed. C. Watkins. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1987, pp. 182–204.
- Melchert, H. Craig. The Position of Anatolian (PDF). 2012 [2020-03-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-09-24）.
- Otten, Heinrich. Zur grammatikalischen und lexikalischen Bestimmung des Luvischen. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1953.
- Rieken, Elisabeth. "Luwier, Lykier, Lyder—alle vom selben Stamm?", in Die Ausbreitung des Indogermanischen: Thesen aus Sprachwissenschaft, Archäologie und Genetik; Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Würzburg, 24–26 September 2009, ed. H. Hettrich & S. Ziegler. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2012.
- Rosenkranz, Bernhard. Beiträge zur Erforschung des Luvischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1952.
- Singer, I. 2005. 'On Luwians and Hittites.' Bibliotheca Orientalis 62:430–51. (Review article of Melchert 2003).
- Starke, Frank. 'Troia im Kontext des historisch-politischen und sprachlichen Umfeldes Kleinasiens im 2. Jahrtausend. Studia Troica 7:446–87.
- Starke, Frank. Die keilschrift-luwischen Texte in Umschrift (StBoT 30, 1985)
- Starke, Frank. Untersuchungen zur Stammbildung des keilschrift-luwischen Nomens (StBoT 30, 1990)
- Watkins, C. 1995. How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics. New York and Oxford.
- Watkins, C.1994. 'The Language of the Trojans.' In Selected Writings, ed. L. Oliver et al., vol. 2. 700–717. Innsbruck. = Troy and the Trojan War. A Symposium held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984, ed. M. Mellink, 45–62. Bryn Mawr.
- Widmer, P. 2006. 'Mykenisch ru-wa-ni-jo, "Luwier".' Kadmos 45:82–84.
- Woudhuizen, Fred. The Language of the Sea Peoples. Amsterdam: Najade Pres, 1992.
- Yakubovich, Ilya. Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Leiden: Brill, 2010
- Yakubovich, Ilya. "The Origin of Luwian Possessive Adjectives （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". In Proceedings of the 19th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, Los Angeles, November 3–4, 2007, ed. K. Jones-Bley et al., Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 2008.
- Luwian Identities: Culture, Language and Religion between Anatolia and the Aegean. Brill, 2013. ISBN 978-90-04-25279-0 (Hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25341-4 (e-Book)