亨特 - 薩克斯頓方程

亨特 - 薩克斯頓方程 Maple 動畫

亨特 - 薩克斯頓方程(Hunter–Saxton equation)是一個模擬向列型液晶中波動傳播的非線性偏微分方程：

$(u_{t}+uu_{x})_{x}={\frac {1}{2}}\,u_{x}^{2}$

解析解

亨特 - 薩克斯頓方程有解析解：

$u(x,t)={\frac {1}{1-t/2}}*(x-t)+1$

此外，Maple軟件包 TWSolution 給出多個行波解：

tanh 展開法

$f1:=u(x,t)=-1.7045454545454545454+1.1363636363636363636*(-(1/4)*(6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)-1)-6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)+1)+9.2928)^{(}1/3)-(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)-1)-6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)+1)+9.2928)^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$f2:=u(x,t)=-1.7045454545454545454+1.1363636363636363636*(-(1/4)*(6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)-1)-6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)+1)+9.2928)^{(}1/3)+(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)-1)-6.336*ln(tanh(2.3+.88*x+1.5*t)+1)+9.2928)^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$u(x,t)=-1.7045454545454545454+0.28409090909090909090(6.336ln(tanh(2.3+0.88x+1.5t)-1)-6.336ln(tanh(2.3+0.88x+1.5t)+1)+9.2928)^{(}2/3)$

其中 f1、f2 是重解，因此，只有兩個獨立的行波解。

Hunter Saxton equation Maple TWSolution travelling wave solution1

Hunter Saxton equation travelling wave solution3 with Maple TWSolution package

sech arctan 展開法

$f[1]:=-.20000000000000000000+(1/12)*(-(36*(1.3*arctan(1/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)+1)*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)-1)-2.6*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1)))/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))^{(}2/3)$

$f[2]:=-.20000000000000000000+(1/3)*(-(1/4)*(-(36*(1.3*arctan(1/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)+1)*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)-1)-2.6*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1)))/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))^{(}1/3)-(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(-(36*(1.3*arctan(1/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)+1)*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)-1)-2.6*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1)))/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))^{(}1/3))^{2}$ $f[3]:=-.20000000000000000000+(1/3)*(-(1/4)*(-(36*(1.3*arctan(1/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)+1)*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)-1)-2.6*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1)))/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))^{(}1/3)+(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(-(36*(1.3*arctan(1/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)+1)*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)-1)-2.6*sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1)))/sqrt(sech(2+3*x+.6*t)^{2}-1))^{(}1/3))^{2}$ $f[4]:=-.20000000000000000000+(1/3)*(-(1/4)*(187.2+140.4*x+28.08*t)^{(}1/3)-(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(187.2+140.4*x+28.08*t)^{(}1/3))^{2}$ $f[5]:=-.20000000000000000000+(1/3)*(-(1/4)*(187.2+140.4*x+28.08*t)^{(}1/3)+(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(187.2+140.4*x+28.08*t)^{(}1/3))^{2}$ $f[6]:=-.20000000000000000000+(1/12)*(187.2+140.4*x+28.08*t)^{(}2/3)$ $<f[7]:=-1.6666666666666666667*_{C}6+1.6666666666666666667*(-(1/4)*(9.36*Intat(1/sqrt(4*_{a}^{4}-5*_{a}^{2}+1),_{a}=JacobiSN(3+.6*x+_{C}6*t,2))+18.72)^{(}1/3)-(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(9.36*Intat(1/sqrt(4*_{a}^{4}-5*_{a}^{2}+1),_{a}=JacobiSN(3+.6*x+_{C}6*t,2))+18.72)^{(}1/3))^{2}$ $f[8]:=-1.6666666666666666667*_{C}6+1.6666666666666666667*(-(1/4)*(9.36*Intat(1/sqrt(4*_{a}^{4}-5*_{a}^{2}+1),_{a}=JacobiSN(3+.6*x+_{C}6*t,2))+18.72)^{(}1/3)+(1/4*I)*sqrt(3)*(9.36*Intat(1/sqrt(4*_{a}^{4}-5*_{a}^{2}+1),_{a}=JacobiSN(3+.6*x+_{C}6*t,2))+18.72)^{(}1/3))^{2}$ $f[9]:=-1.6666666666666666667*_{C}6+.41666666666666666668*(9.36*Intat(1/sqrt(4*_{a}^{4}-5*_{a}^{2}+1),_{a}=JacobiSN(3+.6*x+_{C}6*t,2))+18.72)^{(}2/3)$

• 
  f1
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  f2
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  f3
• 
  f4
• 
  f5
• 
  f6

File:Hunter Saxton extended plot1.gif

綜合展開

$p[12]:=-1.0714+.71429*(-.50821*((1.1*ln(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3)-(.88026*I)*((1.1*ln(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$p[13]:=-1.0714+.71429*(-.50821*((1.1*ln(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3)+(.88026*I)*((1.1*ln(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$p[16]:=-1.0714+.71429*(-.50821*((1.1*ln(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3)-(.88026*I)*((1.1*ln(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$p[17]:=-1.0714+.71429*(-.50821*((1.1*ln(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3)+(.88026*I)*((1.1*ln(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$p[20]:=-1.0714+.71429*(-.64030*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}1/3)-(1.1091*I)*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$p[21]:=-1.0714+.71429*(-.64030*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}1/3)+(1.1091*I)*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}1/3))^{2}$

$p[29]:=-1.0714+.73794*((1.1*ln(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(cos(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}2/3)$

$p[31]:=-1.0714+.73794*((1.1*ln(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))+1.2*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.))*(1.+sqrt(1/((sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)))*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.))/(sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)*sqrt(sin(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)))^{(}2/3)$

$p[32]:=-1.0714+1.1714*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(csc(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(csc(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(csc(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(csc(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(csc(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}2/3)$

$p[33]:=-1.0714+1.1714*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(sec(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}2/3)$

$<p[34]:=-1.0714+1.1714*((-1.1*arctan(1/sqrt(sech(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))*sqrt(sech(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)-1.)*sqrt(sech(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)+1.)+1.2*sqrt(sech(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))/sqrt(sech(1.3+1.4*x+1.5*t)^{2}-1.))^{(}2/3)$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

${\displaystyle }$

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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 12.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 13.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 16.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 17.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 18.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 19.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 20.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 21.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 29.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 31.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 32.gif
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  File:Hunter Saxton eq traveling wave plot 33.gif

雅可比橢圓函數展開

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  Hunter Saxton traveling wave Jacobi function plot 35.gif
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  Jacobi function plot 35
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  Hunter Saxton traveling wave Jacobi function plot 36.gif
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  Hunter Saxton traveling wave Jacobi function plot 41.gif
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  Hunter Saxton traveling wave Jacobi function plot 43.gif
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  Hunter Saxton traveling wave Jacobi function plot 46.gif

參考文獻

1. *谷超豪 《孤立子理論中的達布變換及其幾何應用》 上海科學技術出版社
2. *閻振亞著 《複雜非線性波的構造性理論及其應用》 科學出版社 2007年
3. 李志斌編著 《非線性數學物理方程的行波解》 科學出版社
4. 王東明著 《消去法及其應用》 科學出版社 2002
5. *何青 王麗芬編著 《Maple 教程》 科學出版社 2010 ISBN 9787030177445
6. Graham W. Griffiths William E.Shiesser Traveling Wave Analysis of Partial Differential p135 Equations Academy Press
7. Richard H. Enns George C. McCGuire, Nonlinear Physics Birkhauser,1997
8. Inna Shingareva, Carlos Lizárraga-Celaya,Solving Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Maple Springer.
9. Eryk Infeld and George Rowlands,Nonlinear Waves,Solitons and Chaos,Cambridge 2000
10. Saber Elaydi,An Introduction to Difference Equationns, Springer 2000
11. Dongming Wang, Elimination Practice,Imperial College Press 2004
12. David Betounes, Partial Differential Equations for Computational Science: With Maple and Vector Analysis Springer, 1998 ISBN 9780387983004
13. George Articolo Partial Differential Equations & Boundary Value Problems with Maple V Academic Press 1998 ISBN 9780120644759