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野櫻莓

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野櫻莓
野櫻莓
科學分類 編輯
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支： 薔薇類植物 Rosids
目： 薔薇目 Rosales
科： 薔薇科 Rosaceae
屬： 澀石楠屬 Aronia
Medik.
種：
野櫻莓 A. melanocarpa
二名法
Aronia melanocarpa
野櫻莓果實

野櫻莓（學名：Aronia melanocarpa，英文：Black chokeberry），是薔薇科的一種落葉灌木，原產於北美洲東部濕樹林和沼澤。野櫻莓被栽培為觀賞和植物和經濟作物，果實可以生吃，也能用來製作酒、果醬、糖漿、果汁、茶、沙拉、啤酒和雪糕。

特徵和分類

葉彼此互生，針形，圓齒和羽脈狀，到了秋天樹葉會變成暗紅色，黑色的毛狀出現在葉中脈的表面，花很小，有5個花瓣和5個萼片，並且在10-25傘狀花序，果實是一個小梨果，具有非常澀的味道。

野櫻莓產於北美洲東部，有兩個著名的品種，其果色為紅色、黑色，紫色的野櫻莓是其原產地兩者自然雜交而成。紅色的野櫻莓，通常高度為2-4公尺，葉子底部寬5-8，花為白色或淡粉色，寬約1厘米，果實為紅色，4-10毫米寬，產至到冬天。

黑色的野櫻莓，略小，高度幾乎超過1公尺高。葉子較小，不超過6厘米寬。花是白色，寬1.5厘米，無毛與萼片，果實為黑色，6-9毫米寬，沒有產至冬天。

紫色的野櫻莓，果實為暗紫色偏黑色，7-10毫米的寬度，產至冬天。植物學家艾倫·威克利認為這是一種全面的物種，而不是混合紅色、黑色野櫻莓。

野櫻莓花

產品及用途

野櫻莓耐乾旱、蟲害、污染和疾病。波蘭將野櫻莓乾燥，與草藥茶、黑醋栗混合，野櫻莓也常被用作香料或着色劑的飲料或酸奶。

野櫻莓成熟漿果果汁有點澀，略帶點甜（中度含糖量），微酸（低pH值）。漿果有獨特的風味，除了作為果汁外，也可以用來作烤麵包的添加物。在美國和加拿大，野櫻莓漿果則被用於果汁產品，主要的銷售特點是它的抗氧化性能。

營養

野櫻莓黑色的色素沉着是來自密集的多酚含量，尤其是花青素。總多酚含量為每100克新鮮果實1752毫克，花青素含量為每100克1480毫克，而原花青素濃度為每100克664毫克。[來源請求]

野櫻莓也含有對人體有益礦物質和維生素，即：維生素B6、B12、E、C，葉酸，奎寧酸，多酚酸，單寧，兒茶素，槲黃素，芸香素，橙皮苷，白藜蘆醇...等等。

ORAC

在抗氧化強度的標準測量中---氧自由基吸收能力和抗氧化能力指數（ORAC），野櫻莓是所有水果中數值最高的---每100克含16,062 micromoles of Trolox Eq. 其原因為野櫻莓所富含的花青素和原花青素，這也許可以解釋其所帶有的澀味。[來源請求]

初步研究

野櫻莓的潛在機能可以降低造成疾病的風險[來源請求]，包括：

  • 降低血液中的膽固醇
  • 結直腸癌
  • 心血管疾病
  • 慢性炎症
  • 胃粘膜疾病（消化性潰瘍）
  • 眼球炎（葡萄膜炎）
  • 肝功能衰竭
  • 抗粘連性能
  • 乳腺癌
  • 高血壓
  • 宮頸癌
  • 免疫調節作用

參見

參考文獻

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延伸閱讀

外部連結

取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=野櫻莓&oldid=70882678"