氟化錳

氟化錳
	IUPAC名; Manganese(II) fluoride
別名	二氟化錳; 氟化亞錳; C.I. 77738
識別
CAS號	7782-64-1
PubChem	24528
ChemSpider	22935
SMILES	F[Mn]F;
InChI	1/2FH.Mn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2;
InChIKey	CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-NUQVWONBAJ
RTECS	OP0875000
性質
化學式	MnF2
摩爾質量	92.934855 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	淡粉紅色晶體
密度	3.922 g/cm3（25 °C）
熔點	856 °C
沸點	1820 °C
溶解性（水）	微溶於水
結構
晶體結構	P42/mnm（No.136）等
危險性
警示術語	R：R20/21/22、R36/37/38
安全術語	S：S26、S37/39
歐盟編號	未列出
	GHS危險性符號;
GHS提示詞	警告
H-術語	H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335
P-術語	P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+312, P302+352, P304+312, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P321, P322, P330
閃點	不可燃
相關物質
其他陰離子	二氯化錳; 二溴化錳; 二碘化錳
其他陽離子	六氟化鍀; 七氟化錸; 三氟化錳
相關化學品	一氧化錳
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟化錳是一種無機化合物，化學式為MnF₂。它是一種淡粉紅色固體，其顏色源自於二價錳離子的特徵色。它可用於特種玻璃和激光器的製造。^[3]

製備與結構

氟化錳可由碳酸錳和氫氟酸反應製得：^[4]

MnCO₃ + 2 HF → MnF₂ + CO₂↑ + H₂O

也可由氯化錳和過量的氟化銨反應，得到NH₄MnF₃，它在二氧化碳中加熱至290~300 °C得到氟化錳。^[5]它也能通過四氧化三錳（或草酸錳）與氟化銨加熱反應製得。^[6]

氟化錳存在多種晶相，P4₂/mnm(金紅石型)和P42m是已知的，^[7]金紅石型的氟化錳在高壓會轉變為α-PbO₂相。^[8]

反應

氟化錳和M₂MnF₆（M=K, Rb, Cs）在真空中加熱（或氮氣環境下加壓，M=NH₄）反應，可以得到相應的MMnF₄。^[9]它可以被氟氣氧化至四氟化錳；^[10]而在氟化氫中的反應會生成三氟化錳，氟化氫中生成四氟化錳還需紫外光的照射。^[11]它和三氟化錳反應，還能得到Mn₂F₅和Mn₃F₈。^[12]氟化錳和過量二氟化氙加熱反應，可以得到XeF₂·MnF₄，反應中Mn²⁺被氧化至Mn⁴⁺；^[13]KrF₂·MnF₄則需在低溫氟化氫中由氟化錳和二氟化氪反應得到，室溫時，它會分解為四氟化錳、二氟化氪、氪和氟氣。^[14]

它在潮濕的氮氣中加熱至500 °C發生水解，生成一氧化錳，^[15]在潮濕空氣中加熱除了水解外還會發生氧化反應；它和硫蒸氣的反應發生在氟化錳的表面。^[16]

參考文獻

^ Griffel, Maurice; Stout, J. W. Preparation of Single Crystals of Manganous Fluoride. The Crystal Structure from X-Ray Diffraction. The Melting Point and Density. Journal of the American Chemical Society. October 1950, 72 (10): 4351–4353 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01166a004. eISSN 1520-5126. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-18）.
^ 339288 Manganese(II) fluoride 98%. Sigma-Aldrich. [2008-06-18].
^ Ayres, D. C.; Hellier, Desmond. Dictionary of Environmentally Important Chemicals. CRC Press. 1997: 195 [2008-06-18]. ISBN 0-7514-0256-7.
^ Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry. Springer-Verlag. 1977: 5 [2022-07-13]. ISBN 978-0-387-93343-6. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-17）（德語）.
^ Nuka, P. Zur Kenntnis der Fluoride des Mangans und Cadmiums. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 8 April 1929, 180 (1): 235–240 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0863-1786. doi:10.1002/zaac.19291800125. eISSN 1521-3749. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-16）（德語）.
^ Pourroy, G.; Poix, P. New synthesis routes for difluorides MF₂ (M = Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni). Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. February 1989, 42 (2): 257–263 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)82754-2. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-16）.
^ Lee, Jeong-Hyeon; Cho, K. K.; Lee, Jeon Ryang; Park, Jae Cheol; Jang, Hansaem; Cho, Beong Ki; Kim, Tae-Won. Manganese Fluoride Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation Using Ionic Liquid–Ethylene Glycol Mixtures: Room-Temperature Photoluminescence, Crystalline Phase, and Morphology. Crystal Growth & Design. 28 January 2021, 21 (3): 1406–1412 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 1528-7483. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01522. eISSN 1528-7505. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-16）.
^ Vereshchagin, L. F.; Kabalkina, S. S.; Kotilevets, A. A. Phase transition in MnF₂ at high pressure. Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki. 1965, 49 (6): 1728-1732. ISSN 0044-4510 （俄語）. CODEN ZETFA7.
^ Massa, W. Zur darstellung und strukturchemie der alkali-tetrafluoromanganate (III): CsMnF₄ und NH₄MnF₄. Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. January 1977, 13 (5–6): 253–258 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0020-1650. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(77)80103-7. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-29）（德語）.
^ Rakov, E. G.; Khaustov, S. V.; Ostropikov, V. V. Synthesis of manganese tetrafluoride at atmospheric pressure. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1998, 43 (4): 533–537. ISSN 0044-457X （俄語）. CODEN ZNOKAQ.
^ Mazej, Z. Room temperature syntheses of MnF₃, MnF₄ and hexafluoromanganete(IV) salts of alkali cations. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. March 2002, 114 (1): 75–80. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8.
^ Bandemehr, Jascha; Zimmerhofer, Fabian; Ivlev, Sergei I.; Pietzonka, Clemens; Eklund, Kim; Karttunen, Antti J.; Huppertz, Hubert; Kraus, Florian. Syntheses and Characterization of the Mixed-Valent Manganese(II/III) Fluorides Mn₂F₅ and Mn₃F₈. Inorganic Chemistry. 25 August 2021, 60 (17): 12651–12663 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 34431300. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01833. eISSN 1520-510X. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）.
^ Zemva, B.; Zupan, J.; Slivnik, Joze. Xenon fluoride-manganese fluoride reaction. Inst. Jozef Stefan, IJS Rep. 1970, (R585): 1-4. CODEN NJSRA9.
^ Lutar, Karel; Jesih, Adolf; Žemva, Boris. KrF₂/MnF₄ adducts from KrF₂/MnF₂ interaction In HF As a route to high purity MnF₄. Polyhedron. January 1988, 7 (13): 1217–1219 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0277-5387. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)81212-7. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）.
^ Baratali, Torabali; Abedini, Mansour. The hydrolysis of manganous fluoride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. January 1976, 38 (3): 604 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(76)80319-3. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）.
^ Ippolitov, E. G.; Tripol'skaya, T. A.; Zhigarnovskii, B. M. Study of 3d transition element fluorides. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1979, 24 (2): 539–541. ISSN 0044-457X （俄語）. CODEN ZNOKAQ.

拓展閱讀

XIE, M; PENG, X; FU, X; ZHANG, J; LI, G; YU, X. Synthesis of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MnF₂ nanocrystals with bright red up-converted fluorescence. Scripta Materialia. February 2009, 60 (3): 190–193. ISSN 1359-6462. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.10.010.
Baskurt, Mehmet; Nair, Rahul R.; Peeters, Francois M.; Sahin, Hasan. Ultra-thin structures of manganese fluorides: conversion from manganese dichalcogenides by fluorination. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2021, 23 (17): 10218–10224. ISSN 1463-9076. PMID 33881066. doi:10.1039/d1cp00293g. eISSN 1463-9084.

[1] Griffel, Maurice; Stout, J. W. Preparation of Single Crystals of Manganous Fluoride. The Crystal Structure from X-Ray Diffraction. The Melting Point and Density. Journal of the American Chemical Society. October 1950, 72 (10): 4351–4353 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01166a004. eISSN 1520-5126. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-18）.

[sa-2] 339288 Manganese(II) fluoride 98%. Sigma-Aldrich. [2008-06-18].

[dict-3] Ayres, D. C.; Hellier, Desmond. Dictionary of Environmentally Important Chemicals. CRC Press. 1997: 195 [2008-06-18]. ISBN 0-7514-0256-7.

[4] Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry. Springer-Verlag. 1977: 5 [2022-07-13]. ISBN 978-0-387-93343-6. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-17）（德語）.

[5] Nuka, P. Zur Kenntnis der Fluoride des Mangans und Cadmiums. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 8 April 1929, 180 (1): 235–240 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0863-1786. doi:10.1002/zaac.19291800125. eISSN 1521-3749. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-16）（德語）.

[6] Pourroy, G.; Poix, P. New synthesis routes for difluorides MF₂ (M = Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni). Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. February 1989, 42 (2): 257–263 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)82754-2. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-16）.

[7] Lee, Jeong-Hyeon; Cho, K. K.; Lee, Jeon Ryang; Park, Jae Cheol; Jang, Hansaem; Cho, Beong Ki; Kim, Tae-Won. Manganese Fluoride Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation Using Ionic Liquid–Ethylene Glycol Mixtures: Room-Temperature Photoluminescence, Crystalline Phase, and Morphology. Crystal Growth & Design. 28 January 2021, 21 (3): 1406–1412 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 1528-7483. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01522. eISSN 1528-7505. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-16）.

[8] Vereshchagin, L. F.; Kabalkina, S. S.; Kotilevets, A. A. Phase transition in MnF₂ at high pressure. Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki. 1965, 49 (6): 1728-1732. ISSN 0044-4510 （俄語）. CODEN ZETFA7.

[9] Massa, W. Zur darstellung und strukturchemie der alkali-tetrafluoromanganate (III): CsMnF₄ und NH₄MnF₄. Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. January 1977, 13 (5–6): 253–258 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0020-1650. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(77)80103-7. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-29）（德語）.

[10] Rakov, E. G.; Khaustov, S. V.; Ostropikov, V. V. Synthesis of manganese tetrafluoride at atmospheric pressure. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1998, 43 (4): 533–537. ISSN 0044-457X （俄語）. CODEN ZNOKAQ.

[11] Mazej, Z. Room temperature syntheses of MnF₃, MnF₄ and hexafluoromanganete(IV) salts of alkali cations. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. March 2002, 114 (1): 75–80. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8.

[12] Bandemehr, Jascha; Zimmerhofer, Fabian; Ivlev, Sergei I.; Pietzonka, Clemens; Eklund, Kim; Karttunen, Antti J.; Huppertz, Hubert; Kraus, Florian. Syntheses and Characterization of the Mixed-Valent Manganese(II/III) Fluorides Mn₂F₅ and Mn₃F₈. Inorganic Chemistry. 25 August 2021, 60 (17): 12651–12663 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 34431300. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01833. eISSN 1520-510X. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）.

[13] Zemva, B.; Zupan, J.; Slivnik, Joze. Xenon fluoride-manganese fluoride reaction. Inst. Jozef Stefan, IJS Rep. 1970, (R585): 1-4. CODEN NJSRA9.

[14] Lutar, Karel; Jesih, Adolf; Žemva, Boris. KrF₂/MnF₄ adducts from KrF₂/MnF₂ interaction In HF As a route to high purity MnF₄. Polyhedron. January 1988, 7 (13): 1217–1219 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0277-5387. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)81212-7. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）.

[15] Baratali, Torabali; Abedini, Mansour. The hydrolysis of manganous fluoride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. January 1976, 38 (3): 604 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(76)80319-3. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）.

[16] Ippolitov, E. G.; Tripol'skaya, T. A.; Zhigarnovskii, B. M. Study of 3d transition element fluorides. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1979, 24 (2): 539–541. ISSN 0044-457X （俄語）. CODEN ZNOKAQ.

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閱論編錳化合物
錳(II)	MnF₂ MnCl₂ MnBr₂ MnI₂ Mn(ClO₃)₂ Mn(ClO₄)₂ Mn(IO₃)₂ MnO MnS MnS₂ MnSO₃ MnSO₄ MnSe MnSe₂ MnSeO₃ MnSeO₄（俄語：Селенат марганца） MnTe MnTe₂ Mn(NO₃)₂ MnCO₃ Mn(OH)₂ MnC₂O₄
錳(III)	MnF₃ MnCl₃ Mn₂O₃ Mn(OH)₃ Mn(NO₃)₃ K₆Mn₂O₆ NH₄MnP₂O₇
錳(IV)	MnO₂ MnF₄ Mn(OH)₄
錳(V)	K₃MnO₄ Na₃MnO₄ MnO₄^3-
錳(VI)	K₂MnO₄ Na₂MnO₄ (NH₄)₂MnO₄ MnO₄^2-
錳(VII)	Mn₂O₇ KMnO₄ HMnO₄ Ca(MnO₄)₂ NaMnO₄ NH₄MnO₄ AgMnO₄ MnO₄^- 其它 MnO₃F MnO₃Cl
其他	Mn₃O₄ Mn₂(CO)₁₀ MnH(CO)₅ Mn(C₅H₅)₂