犀鸟目

犀鸟目; 化石时期：47–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 始新世-全新世
	红脸地犀鸟，体形最大的一种犀鸟
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
演化支：	今颚类 Neognathae
演化支：	新鸟类 Neoaves
演化支：	雀类 Passerea
演化支：	陆鸟类 Telluraves
演化支：	非洲禽类 Afroaves
总目：	佛法僧总目 Coraciimorphae
演化支：	穴鸟类 Cavitaves
演化支：	真穴鸟类 Eucavitaves
目：	犀鸟目 Bucerotiformes; Fürbringer（英语：Max Fürbringer）, 1888
模式属
	Buceros; 角犀鸟属; Linnaeus, 1758
亚目与科
	戴胜亚目 Upupi 林戴胜科 Phoeniculidae; 戴胜科 Upupidae; ; 犀鸟亚目 Buceroti 地犀鸟科 Bucorvidae; 犀鸟科 Bucerotidae; ;

犀鸟目（学名：Bucerotiformes）是鸟纲下的一个目，包括犀鸟、地犀鸟、戴胜及林戴胜等物种。^[1]

系统发生学

在过去，本目下的两种主要鸟类——戴胜及犀鸟皆为佛法僧目下的科。^[2]但自2000年代左右起，不少研究开始发现其关系与翠鸟等佛法僧鸟类关系较远，并因此建议将其自佛法僧目中独立。^[3]^[4]^[5]但该两种鸟类分出后，一度被视为两个目，即戴胜目（Upupiformes）及犀鸟目，到了2008年的研究才将这两个目合并为现在的犀鸟目。^[1]^[6]^[7]

有研究提议犀鸟科中的噪犀鸟属与地犀鸟科关系较近并认为应该前者归于后者之下；这演化支代表早期的非洲世系，而其他则代表亚洲世系。^[8]

佛法僧总目

鼠鸟目 Coliiformes

穴鸟类

鹃𫁡目 Leptosomatiformes

真穴鸟类

咬鹃目 Trogoniformes

䴕翠鸟类

犀鸟目 Bucerotiformes

Picodynastornithes（英语：Picodynastornithes）

	佛法僧目 Coraciiformes

	䴕形目 Piciformes

Picocoraciae

Eucavitaves

Cavitaves

Coraciimorphae

本目现在下属两个亚目，分别是以戴胜为主的戴胜亚目（Upupi）及以犀鸟为主的犀鸟亚目（Buceroti）。^[9]^[10]以下是根据2013年及2019年资料绘制的支序图：^[11]

犀鸟目

犀鸟亚目

	犀鸟科 Bucerotidae

	地犀鸟科 Bucorvidae

Buceroti

戴胜亚目

	林戴胜科 Phoeniculidae

	戴胜科 Upupidae

Upupi

Bucerotiformes

形态学

犀鸟与戴胜耳柱骨形状相差甚远，其中前者有直棒状的轴，而后者形状则类似于铁锤。^[10]^[12]

下属分类

目前犀鸟目下划分为两个亚目，而根据世界鸟类学家联合会之名录，其下现有4科19属。^[1]^[9]并还有两科的化石物种被归于其下。^[13]^[14]

戴胜亚目 Upupi
- 戴胜科 Upupidae
  - 戴胜属 Upupa
- 林戴胜科 Phoeniculidae
  - 林戴胜属 Phoeniculus
  - 弯嘴戴胜属 Rhinopomastus
犀鸟亚目 Buceroti
- 地犀鸟科 Bucorvidae
  - 地犀鸟属 Bucorvus
- 犀鸟科 Bucerotidae
  - 弯嘴犀鸟属 Tockus
  - 冠角犀鸟属 Lophoceros
  - 噪犀鸟属 Bycanistes
  - 盔噪犀鸟属 Ceratogymna
  - Horizocerus
  - 白冠犀鸟属 Berenicornis
  - 角犀鸟属 Buceros
  - 盔犀鸟属 Rhinoplax
  - 斑犀鸟属 Anthracoceros
  - 灰犀鸟属 Ocyceros
  - 凤头犀鸟属 Anorrhinus
  - 棕颈犀鸟属 Aceros
  - 拟皱盔犀鸟属 Rhyticeros
  - 皱盔犀鸟属 Rhabdotorrhinus
  - 斑嘴犀鸟属 Penelopides
†Laurillardiidae
- Laurillardia
†买撒里丝鸟科 Messelirrisoridae
- 买撒里丝鸟属 Messelirrisor

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1. [2023-12-20] （英语）.
^ 赵正阶. 申桂兰 , 编. 中国鸟类志上卷非雀形目. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社. 2001-06: 17. ISBN 7-5384-2407-5 （中文（中国大陆））.
^ Jarvis, Erich D.; Mirarab, Siavash; Aberer, Andre J.; Li, Bo; Houde, Peter; Li, Cai; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Nabholz, Benoit; Howard, Jason T.; Suh, Alexander; Weber, Claudia C.; da Fonseca, Rute R.; Li, Jianwen; Zhang, Fang; Li, Hui; Zhou, Long; Narula, Nitish; Liu, Liang; Ganapathy, Ganesh; Boussau, Bastien; Bayzid, Md. Shamsuzzoha; Zavidovych, Volodymyr; Subramanian, Sankar; Gabaldón, Toni; Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador; Huerta-Cepas, Jaime; Rekepalli, Bhanu; Munch, Kasper; Schierup, Mikkel; Lindow, Bent; Warren, Wesley C.; Ray, David; Green, Richard E.; Bruford, Michael W.; Zhan, Xiangjiang; Dixon, Andrew; Li, Shengbin; Li, Ning; Huang, Yinhua; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Bertelsen, Mads Frost; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Brumfield, Robb T.; Mello, Claudio V.; Lovell, Peter V.; Wirthlin, Morgan; Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz; Prosdocimi, Francisco; Samaniego, José Alfredo; Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas; Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo; Campos, Paula F.; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Pas, An; Bailey, Tom; Scofield, Paul; Bunce, Michael; Lambert, David M.; Zhou, Qi; Perelman, Polina; Driskell, Amy C.; Shapiro, Beth; Xiong, Zijun; Zeng, Yongli; Liu, Shiping; Li, Zhenyu; Liu, Binghang; Wu, Kui; Xiao, Jin; Yinqi, Xiong; Zheng, Qiuemei; Zhang, Yong; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Smeds, Linnea; Rheindt, Frank E.; Braun, Michael; Fjeldsa, Jon; Orlando, Ludovic; Barker, F. Keith; Jønsson, Knud Andreas; Johnson, Warren; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; O’Brien, Stephen; Haussler, David; Ryder, Oliver A.; Rahbek, Carsten; Willerslev, Eske; Graves, Gary R.; Glenn, Travis C.; McCormack, John; Burt, Dave; Ellegren, Hans; Alström, Per; Edwards, Scott V.; Stamatakis, Alexandros; Mindell, David P.; Cracraft, Joel; Braun, Edward L.; Warnow, Tandy; Jun, Wang; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Zhang, Guojie. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014-12-12, 346 (6215): 1320–1331 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. （原始内容存档于2023-05-21）（英语）.
^ Yuri, Tamaki; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Harshman, John; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Han, Kin-Lan; Hackett, Shannon J.; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Moore, William S.; Reddy, Sushma; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Braun, Edward L. Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology. 2013-03, 2 (1): 419–444 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）（英语）.
^ Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G. P. Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960). Journal of Avian Biology. 2003-06, 34 (2): 185–197 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0908-8857. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.
^ Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki. A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science. 2008-06-27, 320 (5884): 1763–1768 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）（英语）.
^ Ksepka, Daniel; Clarke, Julia. Phylogenetically vetted and stratigraphically constrained fossil calibrations within Aves (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2015-03-21 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.26879/373. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-04-09）.
^ Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, pp. 257-264.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Birds: Bucerotiformes. BirdGuides. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-04）（英语）.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Peacock, John; Spellman, Garth M.; Field, Daniel J.; Mason, Matthew J.; Mayr, Gerald. Comparative morphology of the avian bony columella. The Anatomical Record. 2024-05, 307 (5): 1735–1763 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 1932-8486. doi:10.1002/ar.25278 （英语）.
^ Bucerotiformes. bird-phylogeny. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-14）（德语）.
^ Feduccia, Alan. The Bony Stapes in the Upupidae and Phoeniculidae: Evidence for Common Ancestry. The Wilson Bulletin. 1975, 87 (3): 416–417 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0043-5643. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）.
^ Mayr, Gerald. Tiny Hoopoe-Like Birds From the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany). The Auk. 2000-10-01, 117 (4): 964–970 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.1093/auk/117.4.964. （原始内容存档于2024-07-12）（英语）.
^ Mayr, Gerald; Bochenski, Zbigniew M.; Tomek, Teresa; Wertz, Krzysztof; Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Manegold, Albrecht. Skeletons from the early Oligocene of Poland fill a significant temporal gap in the fossil record of upupiform birds (hoopoes and allies). Historical Biology. 2020-10-20, 32 (9): 1163–1175 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1570507. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：犀鸟目
维基物种上的相关信息：犀鸟目

[IOC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1. [2023-12-20] （英语）.

[jl-2] 赵正阶. 申桂兰 , 编. 中国鸟类志上卷非雀形目. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社. 2001-06: 17. ISBN 7-5384-2407-5 （中文（中国大陆））.

[Jarvis-3] Jarvis, Erich D.; Mirarab, Siavash; Aberer, Andre J.; Li, Bo; Houde, Peter; Li, Cai; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Nabholz, Benoit; Howard, Jason T.; Suh, Alexander; Weber, Claudia C.; da Fonseca, Rute R.; Li, Jianwen; Zhang, Fang; Li, Hui; Zhou, Long; Narula, Nitish; Liu, Liang; Ganapathy, Ganesh; Boussau, Bastien; Bayzid, Md. Shamsuzzoha; Zavidovych, Volodymyr; Subramanian, Sankar; Gabaldón, Toni; Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador; Huerta-Cepas, Jaime; Rekepalli, Bhanu; Munch, Kasper; Schierup, Mikkel; Lindow, Bent; Warren, Wesley C.; Ray, David; Green, Richard E.; Bruford, Michael W.; Zhan, Xiangjiang; Dixon, Andrew; Li, Shengbin; Li, Ning; Huang, Yinhua; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Bertelsen, Mads Frost; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Brumfield, Robb T.; Mello, Claudio V.; Lovell, Peter V.; Wirthlin, Morgan; Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz; Prosdocimi, Francisco; Samaniego, José Alfredo; Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas; Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo; Campos, Paula F.; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Pas, An; Bailey, Tom; Scofield, Paul; Bunce, Michael; Lambert, David M.; Zhou, Qi; Perelman, Polina; Driskell, Amy C.; Shapiro, Beth; Xiong, Zijun; Zeng, Yongli; Liu, Shiping; Li, Zhenyu; Liu, Binghang; Wu, Kui; Xiao, Jin; Yinqi, Xiong; Zheng, Qiuemei; Zhang, Yong; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Smeds, Linnea; Rheindt, Frank E.; Braun, Michael; Fjeldsa, Jon; Orlando, Ludovic; Barker, F. Keith; Jønsson, Knud Andreas; Johnson, Warren; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; O’Brien, Stephen; Haussler, David; Ryder, Oliver A.; Rahbek, Carsten; Willerslev, Eske; Graves, Gary R.; Glenn, Travis C.; McCormack, John; Burt, Dave; Ellegren, Hans; Alström, Per; Edwards, Scott V.; Stamatakis, Alexandros; Mindell, David P.; Cracraft, Joel; Braun, Edward L.; Warnow, Tandy; Jun, Wang; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Zhang, Guojie. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014-12-12, 346 (6215): 1320–1331 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. （原始内容存档于2023-05-21）（英语）.

[Yuri-4] Yuri, Tamaki; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Harshman, John; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Han, Kin-Lan; Hackett, Shannon J.; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Moore, William S.; Reddy, Sushma; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Braun, Edward L. Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology. 2013-03, 2 (1): 419–444 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）（英语）.

[Johansson-5] Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G. P. Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960). Journal of Avian Biology. 2003-06, 34 (2): 185–197 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0908-8857. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.

[Hackett-6] Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki. A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science. 2008-06-27, 320 (5884): 1763–1768 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）（英语）.

[Ksepka-7] Ksepka, Daniel; Clarke, Julia. Phylogenetically vetted and stratigraphically constrained fossil calibrations within Aves (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2015-03-21 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.26879/373. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-04-09）.

[8] Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, pp. 257-264.

[BG-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Birds: Bucerotiformes. BirdGuides. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-04）（英语）.

[Peacock-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Peacock, John; Spellman, Garth M.; Field, Daniel J.; Mason, Matthew J.; Mayr, Gerald. Comparative morphology of the avian bony columella. The Anatomical Record. 2024-05, 307 (5): 1735–1763 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 1932-8486. doi:10.1002/ar.25278 （英语）.

[phylogeny-11] Bucerotiformes. bird-phylogeny. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-14）（德语）.

[Feduccia-12] Feduccia, Alan. The Bony Stapes in the Upupidae and Phoeniculidae: Evidence for Common Ancestry. The Wilson Bulletin. 1975, 87 (3): 416–417 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0043-5643. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）.

[Mayr-13] Mayr, Gerald. Tiny Hoopoe-Like Birds From the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany). The Auk. 2000-10-01, 117 (4): 964–970 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.1093/auk/117.4.964. （原始内容存档于2024-07-12）（英语）.

[Bochenski-14] Mayr, Gerald; Bochenski, Zbigniew M.; Tomek, Teresa; Wertz, Krzysztof; Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Manegold, Albrecht. Skeletons from the early Oligocene of Poland fill a significant temporal gap in the fossil record of upupiform birds (hoopoes and allies). Historical Biology. 2020-10-20, 32 (9): 1163–1175 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1570507. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.

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