犀鸟目

犀鸟目; 化石时期：47–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 始新世-全新世
	紅臉地犀鳥，體形最大的一種犀鳥
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
演化支：	今颚类 Neognathae
演化支：	新鸟类 Neoaves
演化支：	雀类 Passerea
演化支：	陸鳥類 Telluraves
演化支：	非洲禽类 Afroaves
总目：	佛法僧总目 Coraciimorphae
演化支：	穴鸟类 Cavitaves
演化支：	真穴鸟类 Eucavitaves
目：	犀鸟目 Bucerotiformes; Fürbringer（英语：Max Fürbringer）, 1888
模式属
	Buceros; 角犀鳥屬; Linnaeus, 1758
亞目與科
	戴勝亞目 Upupi 林戴勝科 Phoeniculidae; 戴勝科 Upupidae; ; 犀鳥亞目 Buceroti 地犀鳥科 Bucorvidae; 犀鳥科 Bucerotidae; ;

犀鳥目（學名：Bucerotiformes）是鳥綱下的一個目，包括犀鳥、地犀鳥、戴勝及林戴勝等物種。^[1]

系統發生學

在過去，本目下的兩種主要鳥類——戴勝及犀鳥皆為佛法僧目下的科。^[2]但自2000年代左右起，不少研究開始發現其關係與翠鳥等佛法僧鳥類關係較遠，並因此建議將其自佛法僧目中獨立。^[3]^[4]^[5]但該兩種鳥類分出後，一度被視為兩個目，即戴勝目（Upupiformes）及犀鳥目，到了2008年的研究才將這兩個目合併為現在的犀鳥目。^[1]^[6]^[7]

有研究提議犀鳥科中的噪犀鳥屬與地犀鳥科關係較近並認為應該前者歸於後者之下；這演化支代表早期的非洲世系，而其他則代表亞洲世系。^[8]

佛法僧總目

鼠鳥目 Coliiformes

穴鳥類

鵑鴗目 Leptosomatiformes

真穴鳥類

咬鹃目 Trogoniformes

鴷翠鳥類

犀鸟目 Bucerotiformes

Picodynastornithes（英语：Picodynastornithes）

	佛法僧目 Coraciiformes

	鴷形目 Piciformes

Picocoraciae

Eucavitaves

Cavitaves

Coraciimorphae

本目現在下屬兩個亞目，分別是以戴勝為主的戴勝亞目（Upupi）及以犀鳥為主的犀鳥亞目（Buceroti）。^[9]^[10]以下是根據2013年及2019年資料繪製的支序圖：^[11]

犀鸟目

犀鳥亞目

	犀鳥科 Bucerotidae

	地犀鳥科 Bucorvidae

Buceroti

戴勝亞目

	林戴勝科 Phoeniculidae

	戴勝科 Upupidae

Upupi

Bucerotiformes

形態學

犀鳥與戴勝耳柱骨形狀相差甚遠，其中前者有直棒狀的軸，而後者形狀則類似於鐵鎚。^[10]^[12]

下屬分類

目前犀鳥目下劃分為兩個亞目，而根據世界鳥類學家聯合會之名錄，其下現有4科19屬。^[1]^[9]並還有兩科的化石物種被歸於其下。^[13]^[14]

戴勝亞目 Upupi
- 戴勝科 Upupidae
  - 戴勝屬 Upupa
- 林戴勝科 Phoeniculidae
  - 林戴勝屬 Phoeniculus
  - 彎嘴戴勝屬 Rhinopomastus
犀鳥亞目 Buceroti
- 地犀鳥科 Bucorvidae
  - 地犀鳥屬 Bucorvus
- 犀鳥科 Bucerotidae
  - 弯嘴犀鸟属 Tockus
  - 冠角犀鳥屬 Lophoceros
  - 噪犀鳥屬 Bycanistes
  - 盔噪犀鸟属 Ceratogymna
  - Horizocerus
  - 白冠犀鳥屬 Berenicornis
  - 角犀鸟属 Buceros
  - 盔犀鸟属 Rhinoplax
  - 斑犀鸟属 Anthracoceros
  - 灰犀鸟属 Ocyceros
  - 凤头犀鸟属 Anorrhinus
  - 棕頸犀鳥屬 Aceros
  - 拟皱盔犀鸟属 Rhyticeros
  - 皱盔犀鸟属 Rhabdotorrhinus
  - 斑嘴犀鸟属 Penelopides
†Laurillardiidae
- Laurillardia
†买撒里丝鸟科 Messelirrisoridae
- 买撒里丝鸟属 Messelirrisor

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1. [2023-12-20] （英语）.
^ 赵正阶. 申桂兰 , 编. 中国鸟类志上卷非雀形目. 長春: 吉林科学技术出版社. 2001-06: 17. ISBN 7-5384-2407-5 （中文（中国大陆））.
^ Jarvis, Erich D.; Mirarab, Siavash; Aberer, Andre J.; Li, Bo; Houde, Peter; Li, Cai; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Nabholz, Benoit; Howard, Jason T.; Suh, Alexander; Weber, Claudia C.; da Fonseca, Rute R.; Li, Jianwen; Zhang, Fang; Li, Hui; Zhou, Long; Narula, Nitish; Liu, Liang; Ganapathy, Ganesh; Boussau, Bastien; Bayzid, Md. Shamsuzzoha; Zavidovych, Volodymyr; Subramanian, Sankar; Gabaldón, Toni; Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador; Huerta-Cepas, Jaime; Rekepalli, Bhanu; Munch, Kasper; Schierup, Mikkel; Lindow, Bent; Warren, Wesley C.; Ray, David; Green, Richard E.; Bruford, Michael W.; Zhan, Xiangjiang; Dixon, Andrew; Li, Shengbin; Li, Ning; Huang, Yinhua; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Bertelsen, Mads Frost; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Brumfield, Robb T.; Mello, Claudio V.; Lovell, Peter V.; Wirthlin, Morgan; Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz; Prosdocimi, Francisco; Samaniego, José Alfredo; Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas; Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo; Campos, Paula F.; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Pas, An; Bailey, Tom; Scofield, Paul; Bunce, Michael; Lambert, David M.; Zhou, Qi; Perelman, Polina; Driskell, Amy C.; Shapiro, Beth; Xiong, Zijun; Zeng, Yongli; Liu, Shiping; Li, Zhenyu; Liu, Binghang; Wu, Kui; Xiao, Jin; Yinqi, Xiong; Zheng, Qiuemei; Zhang, Yong; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Smeds, Linnea; Rheindt, Frank E.; Braun, Michael; Fjeldsa, Jon; Orlando, Ludovic; Barker, F. Keith; Jønsson, Knud Andreas; Johnson, Warren; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; O’Brien, Stephen; Haussler, David; Ryder, Oliver A.; Rahbek, Carsten; Willerslev, Eske; Graves, Gary R.; Glenn, Travis C.; McCormack, John; Burt, Dave; Ellegren, Hans; Alström, Per; Edwards, Scott V.; Stamatakis, Alexandros; Mindell, David P.; Cracraft, Joel; Braun, Edward L.; Warnow, Tandy; Jun, Wang; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Zhang, Guojie. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014-12-12, 346 (6215): 1320–1331 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. （原始内容存档于2023-05-21）（英语）.
^ Yuri, Tamaki; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Harshman, John; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Han, Kin-Lan; Hackett, Shannon J.; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Moore, William S.; Reddy, Sushma; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Braun, Edward L. Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology. 2013-03, 2 (1): 419–444 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）（英语）.
^ Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G. P. Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960). Journal of Avian Biology. 2003-06, 34 (2): 185–197 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0908-8857. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.
^ Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki. A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science. 2008-06-27, 320 (5884): 1763–1768 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）（英语）.
^ Ksepka, Daniel; Clarke, Julia. Phylogenetically vetted and stratigraphically constrained fossil calibrations within Aves (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2015-03-21 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.26879/373. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-04-09）.
^ Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, pp. 257-264.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Birds: Bucerotiformes. BirdGuides. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-04）（英语）.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Peacock, John; Spellman, Garth M.; Field, Daniel J.; Mason, Matthew J.; Mayr, Gerald. Comparative morphology of the avian bony columella. The Anatomical Record. 2024-05, 307 (5): 1735–1763 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 1932-8486. doi:10.1002/ar.25278 （英语）.
^ Bucerotiformes. bird-phylogeny. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-14）（德语）.
^ Feduccia, Alan. The Bony Stapes in the Upupidae and Phoeniculidae: Evidence for Common Ancestry. The Wilson Bulletin. 1975, 87 (3): 416–417 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0043-5643. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）.
^ Mayr, Gerald. Tiny Hoopoe-Like Birds From the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany). The Auk. 2000-10-01, 117 (4): 964–970 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.1093/auk/117.4.964. （原始内容存档于2024-07-12）（英语）.
^ Mayr, Gerald; Bochenski, Zbigniew M.; Tomek, Teresa; Wertz, Krzysztof; Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Manegold, Albrecht. Skeletons from the early Oligocene of Poland fill a significant temporal gap in the fossil record of upupiform birds (hoopoes and allies). Historical Biology. 2020-10-20, 32 (9): 1163–1175 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1570507. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：犀鸟目
維基物種上的相關信息：犀鸟目

[IOC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1. [2023-12-20] （英语）.

[jl-2] 赵正阶. 申桂兰 , 编. 中国鸟类志上卷非雀形目. 長春: 吉林科学技术出版社. 2001-06: 17. ISBN 7-5384-2407-5 （中文（中国大陆））.

[Jarvis-3] Jarvis, Erich D.; Mirarab, Siavash; Aberer, Andre J.; Li, Bo; Houde, Peter; Li, Cai; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Nabholz, Benoit; Howard, Jason T.; Suh, Alexander; Weber, Claudia C.; da Fonseca, Rute R.; Li, Jianwen; Zhang, Fang; Li, Hui; Zhou, Long; Narula, Nitish; Liu, Liang; Ganapathy, Ganesh; Boussau, Bastien; Bayzid, Md. Shamsuzzoha; Zavidovych, Volodymyr; Subramanian, Sankar; Gabaldón, Toni; Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador; Huerta-Cepas, Jaime; Rekepalli, Bhanu; Munch, Kasper; Schierup, Mikkel; Lindow, Bent; Warren, Wesley C.; Ray, David; Green, Richard E.; Bruford, Michael W.; Zhan, Xiangjiang; Dixon, Andrew; Li, Shengbin; Li, Ning; Huang, Yinhua; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Bertelsen, Mads Frost; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Brumfield, Robb T.; Mello, Claudio V.; Lovell, Peter V.; Wirthlin, Morgan; Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz; Prosdocimi, Francisco; Samaniego, José Alfredo; Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas; Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo; Campos, Paula F.; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Pas, An; Bailey, Tom; Scofield, Paul; Bunce, Michael; Lambert, David M.; Zhou, Qi; Perelman, Polina; Driskell, Amy C.; Shapiro, Beth; Xiong, Zijun; Zeng, Yongli; Liu, Shiping; Li, Zhenyu; Liu, Binghang; Wu, Kui; Xiao, Jin; Yinqi, Xiong; Zheng, Qiuemei; Zhang, Yong; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Smeds, Linnea; Rheindt, Frank E.; Braun, Michael; Fjeldsa, Jon; Orlando, Ludovic; Barker, F. Keith; Jønsson, Knud Andreas; Johnson, Warren; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; O’Brien, Stephen; Haussler, David; Ryder, Oliver A.; Rahbek, Carsten; Willerslev, Eske; Graves, Gary R.; Glenn, Travis C.; McCormack, John; Burt, Dave; Ellegren, Hans; Alström, Per; Edwards, Scott V.; Stamatakis, Alexandros; Mindell, David P.; Cracraft, Joel; Braun, Edward L.; Warnow, Tandy; Jun, Wang; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Zhang, Guojie. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014-12-12, 346 (6215): 1320–1331 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. （原始内容存档于2023-05-21）（英语）.

[Yuri-4] Yuri, Tamaki; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Harshman, John; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Han, Kin-Lan; Hackett, Shannon J.; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Moore, William S.; Reddy, Sushma; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Braun, Edward L. Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology. 2013-03, 2 (1): 419–444 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）（英语）.

[Johansson-5] Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G. P. Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960). Journal of Avian Biology. 2003-06, 34 (2): 185–197 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0908-8857. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.

[Hackett-6] Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman, David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki. A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science. 2008-06-27, 320 (5884): 1763–1768 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）（英语）.

[Ksepka-7] Ksepka, Daniel; Clarke, Julia. Phylogenetically vetted and stratigraphically constrained fossil calibrations within Aves (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2015-03-21 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.26879/373. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-04-09）.

[8] Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, pp. 257-264.

[BG-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Birds: Bucerotiformes. BirdGuides. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-04）（英语）.

[Peacock-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Peacock, John; Spellman, Garth M.; Field, Daniel J.; Mason, Matthew J.; Mayr, Gerald. Comparative morphology of the avian bony columella. The Anatomical Record. 2024-05, 307 (5): 1735–1763 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 1932-8486. doi:10.1002/ar.25278 （英语）.

[phylogeny-11] Bucerotiformes. bird-phylogeny. [2024-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-14）（德语）.

[Feduccia-12] Feduccia, Alan. The Bony Stapes in the Upupidae and Phoeniculidae: Evidence for Common Ancestry. The Wilson Bulletin. 1975, 87 (3): 416–417 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0043-5643. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）.

[Mayr-13] Mayr, Gerald. Tiny Hoopoe-Like Birds From the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany). The Auk. 2000-10-01, 117 (4): 964–970 [2024-04-09]. doi:10.1093/auk/117.4.964. （原始内容存档于2024-07-12）（英语）.

[Bochenski-14] Mayr, Gerald; Bochenski, Zbigniew M.; Tomek, Teresa; Wertz, Krzysztof; Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Manegold, Albrecht. Skeletons from the early Oligocene of Poland fill a significant temporal gap in the fossil record of upupiform birds (hoopoes and allies). Historical Biology. 2020-10-20, 32 (9): 1163–1175 [2024-04-09]. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1570507. （原始内容存档于2024-04-09）（英语）.

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