桩菇属
网褶菌属
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| 卷缘桩菇 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
| 纲： | 伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes |
| 目： | 牛肝菌目 Boletales |
| 科： | 网褶菌科 Paxillaceae |
| 属： | 网褶菌属 Paxillus Fr. (1835) |
| 模式种 | |
| 卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
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| 异名[1] | |
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桩菇属（学名：Paxillus，意为小型的木桩[2]），是牛肝菌目网褶菌科的一个属。本属物种生长在土让或腐木上，有些物种具有蕈柄，有些则无。有别于典型牛肝菌目物种，网褶菌科的物种具有蕈褶，其中本属的蕈褶常沿蕈柄向下延伸，且容易与蕈伞分离。蕈伞初长成时边缘会稍微往内卷曲。孢子印颜色为黄棕色至橄榄黄色，担孢子表面平滑[3]。本属多数物种有毒而不可食用，其中模式种卷缘桩菇过去在中欧、东欧被认为是可食的，后来才发现其毒性足以致命[2]。
桩菇属的物种常与树木形成外菌根，是最常被用来研究外菌根的模式生物之一，其中又以卷缘桩菇为大宗。卷缘桩菇与绒毛桩菇的基因组均已被完整定序[4]。
物种
截至2018年10月，真菌数据库Index Fungorum共记录了本属38种物种[5][6]。
- Paxillus albidulus
- 亚马逊桩菇 Paxillus amazonicus
- Paxillus ammoniavirescens
- 奥尔桩菇 Paxillus atraetopus
- Paxillus brunneotomentosus
- Paxillus chalybaeus
- Paxillus coffeaceus
- Paxillus defibulatus
- Paxillus fasciculatus
- Paxillus fechtneri
- 丝桩菇 Paxillus filamentosus
- Paxillus guttatus
- Paxillus gymnopus
- Paxillus hortensis
- Paxillus ianthinophyllus
- 卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus，卷边桩菇
- Paxillus ionipus
- Paxillus leoninus
- Paxillus maculatus
- Paxillus minutesquamulosus
- Paxillus obscurisporus
- Paxillus ochraceus
- 东方桩菇 Paxillus orientalis[7]
- Paxillus pahangensis
- Paxillus piperatus
- Paxillus polychrous
- 皱褶桩菇 Paxillus rhytidophyllus
- Paxillus robiniae
- 绒毛桩菇 Paxillus rubicundulus
- Paxillus scleropus
- Paxillus serbicus
- Paxillus squamosus
- Paxillus validus
- Paxillus velenovskyi
- Paxillusvernalis
- 滇桩菇 Paxillus yunnanensis
- Paxillus zerovae
参考资料
- ^ Paxillus Fr. 1835. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [201-7-01].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Smith AH, Weber NS. The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1980: 211. ISBN 978-0-472-85610-7.
- ^ Alan Bessette, Arleen Rainis Bessette, David William Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. 1997: 219 [2018-10-21]. ISBN 0815603886. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
- ^ Jargeat P, Chaumeton JP, Navaud O, Vizzini A, Gryta H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries 118 (1). Fungal Biology: 12-31. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.008.
- ^ Kirk PM. Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. [2015-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
- ^ 译名参考：中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院 生态环境部: 288. 2018-05 [2018-10-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-12）.
- ^ Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Egon Horak, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Gang Wu. Paxillus orientalis sPaxillus nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales) from south-western China based on morphological and molecular data and proposal of the new subgenus Alnopaxillus 13 (2). Mycological Progress: 333-342. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0919-1.