鴨冠狀病毒2714

鴨冠狀病毒2714
病毒分類
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	丙型冠狀病毒屬 Gammacoronavirus
种：	鴨冠狀病毒2714 Duck coronavirus 2714

鴨冠狀病毒2714（Duck coronavirus 2714，DCoV）是丙型冠狀病毒屬Igacovirus亞屬的一種病毒^[1]，主要感染雁形目（鴨與雁）與鴴形目（涉禽、海鷗與海雀）的野生鳥類，也有些病毒株為感染家鴨，包括超過500個病毒株，感染不會造成明顯症狀。

病毒學

2014年，研究人員在中國養殖的鴨身上發現一冠狀病毒毒株，命名為DdCoV/DK/Guangdong/27/2014，簡稱DdCoV/GD/2014或DdCoV，並於隔年發表，此病毒株的基因組長27754nt，編碼冠狀病毒皆有的複製酶（1ab）以及刺突蛋白（S）、外膜蛋白（E）、膜蛋白（M）與衣殼蛋白（N）等四種結構蛋白，以及3a、3b、3c、ORFx、5a、5b和ORFy等七個輔助蛋白，基因順序為複製酶1ab－刺突蛋白－3a－3b－3c－E－M－ORFx－5a－5b－N－ORFy^[2]^[3]。

分類

2020年，國際病毒分類委員會（ICTV）將此病毒株作為一新種的模式株，即鴨冠狀病毒2714，和禽冠狀病毒與禽冠狀病毒9203同屬丙型冠狀病毒屬下的Igacovirus亞屬，為此兩種病毒組成的演化支之姊妹群^[4]。鴨冠狀病毒2714包含超過500個在世界各地野生雁形目、鴴形目鳥類和家鴨身上發現的病毒株，僅有一個感染家雞的個案，可能是家鴨的病毒株外溢所致^[5]，相較之下禽冠狀病毒與禽冠狀病毒9203皆是感染家禽（家雞、家鴨與火雞）為主，很少感染野鳥，少數在野鳥中發現的紀錄可能是病毒自家禽外溢的個案。鴨冠狀病毒2714感染野鳥與家鴨均不會造成明顯症狀^[6]^[7]，禽冠狀病毒與禽冠狀病毒9203則可致家禽傳染性支氣管炎（英语：Avian infectious bronchitis）與火雞腸炎。在東南亞等鴨飼養密度高的地區，家鴨可能對此病毒的演化和保毒相當重要^[4]。

丙型冠狀病毒屬

	Cegacovirus（鯨豚冠狀病毒）

Brangacovirus（雁冠狀病毒CB17）

Igacovirus

	鴨冠狀病毒2714

	禽冠狀病毒

	禽冠狀病毒9203

參考文獻

^ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2019 taxonomy release. talk.ictvonline.org. [2021-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.
^ Schnell, Matthias Johannes; Zhuang, Qing-Ye; Wang, Kai-Cheng; Liu, Shuo; Hou, Guang-Yu; Jiang, Wen-Ming; Wang, Su-Chun; Li, Jin-Ping; Yu, Jian-Min; Chen, Ji-Ming. Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of the Coronavirus Dominant in Ducks in China. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (6): e0129256. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129256.
^ Duck coronavirus isolate DK/GD/27/2014, complete genome. NCBI.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wille, Michelle; Holmes, Edward C. Wild birds as reservoirs for diverse and abundant gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2020, 44 (5): 631–644. ISSN 0168-6445. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa026.
^ Pauly, Maude; Snoeck, Chantal J.; Phoutana, Vannaphone; Keosengthong, Amphone; Sausy, Aurélie; Khenkha, Latdavone; Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh; Samountry, Bounthome; et al. Cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. Avian Pathology. 2019, 48 (6): 503–511. ISSN 0307-9457. doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1628919.
^ Chamings, Anthony; Nelson, Tiffanie M.; Vibin, Jessy; Wille, Michelle; Klaassen, Marcel; Alexandersen, Soren. Detection and characterisation of coronaviruses in migratory and non-migratory Australian wild birds. Scientific Reports. 2018, 8 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24407-x.
^ Barbosa, Andrés; Varsani, Arvind; Morandini, Virginia; Grimaldi, Wray; Vanstreels, Ralph E.T.; Diaz, Julia I.; Boulinier, Thierry; Dewar, Meagan; et al. Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife. Science of The Total Environment. 2021, 755: 143352. ISSN 0048-9697. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143352.

[1] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2019 taxonomy release. talk.ictvonline.org. [2021-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.

[SchnellZhuang2015-2] Schnell, Matthias Johannes; Zhuang, Qing-Ye; Wang, Kai-Cheng; Liu, Shuo; Hou, Guang-Yu; Jiang, Wen-Ming; Wang, Su-Chun; Li, Jin-Ping; Yu, Jian-Min; Chen, Ji-Ming. Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of the Coronavirus Dominant in Ducks in China. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (6): e0129256. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129256.

[3] Duck coronavirus isolate DK/GD/27/2014, complete genome. NCBI.

[WilleHolmes2020-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wille, Michelle; Holmes, Edward C. Wild birds as reservoirs for diverse and abundant gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2020, 44 (5): 631–644. ISSN 0168-6445. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa026.

[PaulySnoeck2019-5] Pauly, Maude; Snoeck, Chantal J.; Phoutana, Vannaphone; Keosengthong, Amphone; Sausy, Aurélie; Khenkha, Latdavone; Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh; Samountry, Bounthome; et al. Cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. Avian Pathology. 2019, 48 (6): 503–511. ISSN 0307-9457. doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1628919.

[ChamingsNelson2018-6] Chamings, Anthony; Nelson, Tiffanie M.; Vibin, Jessy; Wille, Michelle; Klaassen, Marcel; Alexandersen, Soren. Detection and characterisation of coronaviruses in migratory and non-migratory Australian wild birds. Scientific Reports. 2018, 8 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24407-x.

[BarbosaVarsani2021-7] Barbosa, Andrés; Varsani, Arvind; Morandini, Virginia; Grimaldi, Wray; Vanstreels, Ralph E.T.; Diaz, Julia I.; Boulinier, Thierry; Dewar, Meagan; et al. Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife. Science of The Total Environment. 2021, 755: 143352. ISSN 0048-9697. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143352.

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