认知风格

认知风格是认知心理学中用来描述个人思维、知觉、记忆以及运用知识解决问题的方式的一个术语。认知风格与认知能力（水平）不同，后者可以通过能力倾向测验或所谓智力测验进行测量。对于认知风格的准确内涵仍有争议。不过，它已经是教育和管理领域的一个关键概念。如果一名学生的认知风格与教师类似，这个学生就会有更积极的学习经历，学习将会改善。同样，队员如果拥有类似的认知风格，将会使他们对于参与有更积极的感受。而认知风格的匹配将使参与者与人共事时感觉更为舒适，虽然它并不能独自保证取得胜利的结果。一些关于认知风格的概念和测量方法仍在讨论中。

分类

按照不同的标准，认知方式可以分为

• 冲动型与沉思型
• 系列型与同时型
• 场依存型与场独立型

相關参见

• 学习风格
• 个体差异
• 认知科学
• 认知
• 思维

外部链接

• https://web.archive.org/web/20070813235716/http://tip.psychology.org/styles.html
• https://web.archive.org/web/20070817020039/http://www.personality-project.org/perproj/others/heineman/cog.htm

参考文献

• Allinson, C.W., and Hayes, J.“The cognitive style index: a measure of intuition-analysis for organisational research”, Journal of Management Studies（33:1）, January 1996, pp 119-135.
• Atherton, J.S.“Learning and Teaching: Pask and Laurillard”, 2003. Retrieved 28 June 2003, from https://web.archive.org/web/20070603195811/http://www.dmu.ac.uk/%7Ejamesa/learning/pask.htm#serialists.
• Beiri, J.“Complexity-simplicity as a personality variable in cognitive and preferential behaviour”Dorsey Press, Homewood, IL, 1961.
• Bobic, M., Davis, E., and Cunningham, R.“The Kirton adaption-innovation inventory”, Review of Public Personnel Administration（19:2）, Spring 1999, pp 18-31.
• Carey, J.M.“The issue of cognitive style in MIS/DSS research”, 1991.
• Kirton, M.“Adaptors and innovators: a description and measure”，应用心理学杂志（61:5）1976, pp 622-629.
• Kirton, M.J.“Field Dependence and Adaption Innovation Theories”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1978, 47, pp 1239 1245.
• Kirton, M. J. Adaption and innovation in the context of diversity and change Routledge, London, 2003, P. 392
• Mullany, M.J.“Using cognitive style measurements to forecast user resistance”, 14th Annual conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Napier, New Zealand, 2001, pp. 95-100.
• Peterson, E. R., & Deary, I. J.（2006）. Examining wholistic-analytic style using preferences in early information processing. 人格与个体差异，41, 3-14.
• Pask, G.《学习的风格与策略》，英国教育心理学杂志（46:II）1976, pp 128-148.
• Riding, R.J., and Cheema, I.“Cognitive styles - An overview and integration.”，教育心理学（11:3/4）1991, pp 193-215.
• Riding, R.J., and Sadler-Smith, E.“Type of instructional material, cognitive style and learning performance.”，教育研究（18:3）1992, pp 323-340.
• Witkin, H.A., Moore, C.A., Goodenough, D.R., and Cox, P.W.《场依存与场独立认知风格及其教育意义》, Review of Educational Research（47:1）, Winter 1977, pp 1-64.