庚酸炔諾酮

庚酸炔諾酮
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Noristerat, others
其他名稱	NETE; NET-EN; Norethindrone enanthate; SH-393; 17α-Ethynyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-enanthate; 17α-Ethynylestra-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-enanthate
AHFS/Drugs.com	国际药品名称
给药途径	肌肉注射
藥物類別（英语：Drug class）	孕激素（英语：Progestogen (medication)）; 合成孕激素（英语：Progestin）; 孕激素酯（英语：Progestogen ester）
ATC碼	G03DC02;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：限医生处方（S4）;
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 [(9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] heptanoate; ;
CAS号	3836-23-5
PubChem CID	229295;
DrugBank	DB14678 ;
ChemSpider	199613 ;
UNII	HY3S2K0J0F;
KEGG	C14486;
ChEBI	CHEBI:34894 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3187229 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID2048664 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.021.207
化学信息
化学式	C27H38O3
摩尔质量	410.60 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C#C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H38O3/c1-4-6-7-8-9-25(29)30-27(5-2)17-15-24-23-12-10-19-18-20(28)11-13-21(19)22(23)14-16-26(24,27)3/h2,18,21-24H,4,6-17H2,1,3H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,26-,27-/m0/s1; Key:APTGJECXMIKIET-WOSSHHRXSA-N;

庚酸炔諾酮又名庚酸酯炔諾酮（Norethisterone enanthate 或 norethindrone enanthate，NETE），是一种純孕激素避孕針（英语：Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive），用于協助女性避孕^[1] ^[2] ^[3]。可以在分娩，流产或堕胎后使用^[1]。每年避孕失败率約为每 100 名女性有 2 名^[4]。每剂可持续两个月，通常建议最多打两剂^[5] ^[1]。

副作用包括乳房疼痛、頭痛、抑鬱、月經不規律（英语：Irregular menstruation）以及注射部位疼痛（英语：Injection site reaction）^[5]。不建议肝病患者使用，也不建议孕妇使用，因有导致畸胎的风险^[1]。母乳哺育期使用似乎安全^[1]。它不能预防性传播感染^[1]。庚酸炔諾酮是炔诺酮的酯化合物和前驅藥物， ^[6]人體會將它代謝成炔諾酮後才產生作用^[1]。它會抑制排卵，以达到避孕效果^[1]。

庚酸炔諾酮于 1951 年获得专利，并于 1957 年用于医疗^[7] ^[8]。名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单^[9]。它已在 60 多个国家取得使用許可，包括英国和部分欧洲、中美洲和非洲国家，與戊酸雌二醇組合的複方藥則至少在 36 个国家使用，主要是在拉丁美洲^[4] ^[10] ^[11] ^[12]。此药物並未在美国上市^[10]。

參見

参考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Noristerat 200mg, solution for intramuscular injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC). www.medicines.org.uk. [31 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于31 December 2016）.
^ J. Elks. The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. 14 November 2014: 886–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. （原始内容存档于5 November 2017）.
^ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis US. 2000: 750 [30 May 2012]. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. （原始内容存档于28 May 2013）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Committee on Contraceptive Development (U.S.). Luigi Mastroianni; Peter J. Donaldson; Thomas T. Kane , 编. Developing New Contraceptives: Obstacles and Opportunities. National Academies. 1 January 1990: 38–. NAP:14119.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 370. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ Wu L, Janagam DR, Mandrell TD, Johnson JR, Lowe TL. Long-acting injectable hormonal dosage forms for contraception. Pharmaceutical Research. 2015, 32 (7): 2180–91. PMID 25899076. doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1686-2.
^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 478. ISBN 9783527607495. （原始内容存档于2016-12-20）（英语）.
^ Vern L. Bullough. Encyclopedia of Birth Control. ABC-CLIO. 2001: 145–. ISBN 978-1-57607-181-6. （原始内容存档于2017-11-05）.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Amy Whitaker; Melissa Gilliam. Contraception for Adolescent and Young Adult Women. Springer. 27 June 2014: 96. ISBN 978-1-4614-6579-9. （原始内容存档于5 November 2017）.
^ Bagade O, Pawar V, Patel R, Patel B, Awasarkar V, Diwate S. Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control (PDF). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014, 3 (10): 364–392 [2018-08-02]. ISSN 2278-4357. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-10）.
^ Newton JR, D'arcangues C, Hall PE. A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 1994,. 4 Suppl 1: S1–34. PMID 12290848. doi:10.3109/01443619409027641.

外部連結

Norethisterone Enanthate. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[UK2016-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Noristerat 200mg, solution for intramuscular injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC). www.medicines.org.uk. [31 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于31 December 2016）.

[Elks2014-2] J. Elks. The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. 14 November 2014: 886–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. （原始内容存档于5 November 2017）.

[IndexNominum2000-3] Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis US. 2000: 750 [30 May 2012]. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. （原始内容存档于28 May 2013）.

[Mas1990-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Committee on Contraceptive Development (U.S.). Luigi Mastroianni; Peter J. Donaldson; Thomas T. Kane , 编. Developing New Contraceptives: Obstacles and Opportunities. National Academies. 1 January 1990: 38–. NAP:14119.

[WHO2008-5] 5.0 ^5.1 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 370. ISBN 9789241547659.

[Wu2015-6] Wu L, Janagam DR, Mandrell TD, Johnson JR, Lowe TL. Long-acting injectable hormonal dosage forms for contraception. Pharmaceutical Research. 2015, 32 (7): 2180–91. PMID 25899076. doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1686-2.

[Fis2006-7] Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 478. ISBN 9783527607495. （原始内容存档于2016-12-20）（英语）.

[Bullough2001-8] Vern L. Bullough. Encyclopedia of Birth Control. ABC-CLIO. 2001: 145–. ISBN 978-1-57607-181-6. （原始内容存档于2017-11-05）.

[WHO21st-9] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[Whit2014-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Amy Whitaker; Melissa Gilliam. Contraception for Adolescent and Young Adult Women. Springer. 27 June 2014: 96. ISBN 978-1-4614-6579-9. （原始内容存档于5 November 2017）.

[BagadePawar2014-11] Bagade O, Pawar V, Patel R, Patel B, Awasarkar V, Diwate S. Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control (PDF). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014, 3 (10): 364–392 [2018-08-02]. ISSN 2278-4357. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-10）.

[pmid12290848-12] Newton JR, D'arcangues C, Hall PE. A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 1994,. 4 Suppl 1: S1–34. PMID 12290848. doi:10.3109/01443619409027641.

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