锗酸盐
在化学中,锗酸盐(英語:germanate)是含有锗的含氧阴离子的化合物。在无机化合物的命名中,锗酸作后缀时,则代表中心为锗原子的多原子阴离子,[1]例如六氟锗酸钾,K2GeF6。[2]
锗酸盐的含氧化合物
锗类似于硅,它可以形成许多含有{GeO4}[2]四面体单位的化合物,但它也可以有5[3]和6[2]的配位数。所有主要硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐的类似物都已被制备。[4]比如,Mg2GeO4(晶状如橄榄石和尖晶石)、CaGeO3(钙钛矿结构)和Be2GeO4(硅铍石结构)都与对应的硅酸盐有所类似。[4][5] BaGe4O9结构复杂,含有配位数位4和6的锗原子。[5]锗酸盐在地球科学十分重要,因为它们的结构与硅酸盐相似,在研究地幔中的硅酸盐矿物的行为时可用作类似物。[6]例如,MnGeO3有辉石型结构,与MgSiO3相似,而这个硅酸盐是重要的地幔矿物。[7][8][9]
锗酸盐的水溶液
碱金属的原锗酸盐,M4GeO4,都单独含有GeO4−
4离子。它们会形成含有GeO(OH)−
3、GeO
2(OH)2−
2和[(Ge(OH)4)8(OH)3]3−的酸性溶液。[2]二氧化锗的中性溶液含有Ge(OH)4,但在pH高的环境下,诸如GeO(OH)−
3和GeO
2(OH)2−
2的锗酸根离子会出现。[10]
参见
参考文献
- ^ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Full text (PDF)
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier ISBN 0123526515
- ^ Nguyen, Quang Bac; Lii, Kwang-Hwa. Cs4UGe8O20: A Tetravalent Uranium Germanate Containing Four- and Five-Coordinate Germanium. Inorganic Chemistry. 2011, 50 (20): 9936–9938. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 21939186. doi:10.1021/ic201789f.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Encyclopedia of alkaline earth compounds R.C Ropp, Elsevier 2013 ISBN 978-0-444-59550-8
- ^ Ringwood, A.E. Phase transformations and the constitution of the mantle. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 1970, 3: 109–155. Bibcode:1970PEPI....3..109R. ISSN 0031-9201. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(70)90047-6.
- ^ Ringwood, A. E.; Seabrook, Merren. Some High-pressure Transformations in Pyroxenes. Nature. 1962, 196 (4857): 883–884. Bibcode:1962Natur.196..883R. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4183493. doi:10.1038/196883a0.
- ^ Hirose, Kei; Nagaya, Yukio; Merkel, Sébastien; Ohishi, Yasuo. Deformation of MnGeO3 post-perovskite at lower mantle pressure and temperature. Geophysical Research Letters. 2010, 37 (20). Bibcode:2010GeoRL..3720302H. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2010GL044977 .
- ^ Matsumura, Hisashi; Mamiya, Mikito; Takei, Humihiko. Growth of pyroxene-type MnGeO3 and (Mn,Mg)GeO3 crystals by the floating-zone method. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2000, 210 (4): 783–787. Bibcode:2000JCrGr.210..783M. ISSN 0022-0248. doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00850-7.
- ^ "Germanium: Inorganic Chemistry" F Glockling Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Editor R Bruce King (1994) John Wiley and Sons ISBN 0-471-93620-0