艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹

艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹
عائشہ حفصہ سلطان
艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹; عائشہ حفصہ سلطان
	位於馬尼薩的艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹雕像
奥斯曼帝国蘇丹皇太后
在位	1520年9月30日 - 1534年3月19日
前任	居爾巴哈爾可敦（英语：Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)）
繼任	努爾巴努蘇丹
逝世	1534年3月19日; 奥斯曼帝国伊斯坦堡
安葬	伊斯坦堡法蒂赫塞利姆一世清真寺
配偶	塞利姆一世
子嗣	蘇萊曼一世; 哈蒂潔蘇丹（英语：Hatice Sultan (daughter of Selim I)）; 法蒂瑪蘇丹（英语：Fatma Sultan (daughter of Selim I)）; 哈芙莎蘇丹
父親	有爭議，明里·格來或阿布杜勒·穆寧
宗教信仰	伊斯蘭教

艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹^[3]（鄂圖曼土耳其文：عائشہ حفصہ سلطان‎、土耳其語：Ayşe Hafsa Sultan；1479年5月12日—1534年3月19日），鄂圖曼帝國蘇丹塞利姆一世的妻子，蘇萊曼一世的母親，她是帝國第一位蘇丹皇太后，由她兒子在1520年登基至1534年她去世期間，她是在帝國最有影響力的人之一^[4]。

生平

傳統觀點一般相信艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹是克里米亞汗國可汗明里·格來的女兒^[5]，然而現今亦有學者提出不同看法，依據鄂圖曼的證據顯示她應當是一名改信伊斯蘭教的女人^[6]，另有說法認為她可能是一名來自高加索地區的切尔克斯人或喬治亞人^[7] 。

1494年11月6日她與塞利姆所生的兒子蘇萊曼出生於黑海海濱的特拉布宗，除此之外她還為塞利姆生下三個女兒：分別為哈蒂潔蘇丹、法特瑪蘇丹與哈芙莎蘇丹。

塞利姆一世登基後，她與兒子蘇萊曼移居到土耳其西部的馬尼薩，蘇萊曼在1513年至1520年期間負責擔任馬尼薩的總督，該職位向來由鄂圖曼王儲所擔任。

從艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹開始，鄂圖曼帝國蘇丹母親的頭銜從可敦變成了蘇丹皇太后^[8]，頭銜的轉變顯示艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹影響力與權力的擴張，在她兒子統治的期間，她是鄂圖曼帝國最強大的女人^[9]。

1534年3月19日艾謝·哈芙莎蘇丹去世，安葬於她丈夫位於塞利姆一世清真寺的陵寢旁。

參考資料

^ Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993: 121. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.
^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet（土耳其語：Necdet Sakaoğlu）. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. 2008: 148 [2018-05-31]. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6. （原始内容存档于2016-08-27）. (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı（土耳其語：İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı）. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam.)
^ Though generally known as "Hafsa Sultan", she is sometimes incidentally referred to as "Ayşe Hafsa Sultan" by some authors, without indication of the origin of this name. Name "Hafsa" referred to Muhammad's wive Hafsa (حفصة) daughter of Umar ibn Al Kattab.
^ Pietro Bragadin, Venetian Republic's ambassador in the early years of Suleiman the Magnificent's reign notes "a very beautiful woman of 48, for whom the sultan bears great reverence and love..." Leslie Peirce. The Imperial Harem : Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire p. 62 ISBN 0-19-508677-5. Oxford University Press. 1993.
^ Strobel, Heidi. Sulayman the Magnificent - Oxford Reference. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. [2017-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. （原始内容存档于2019-11-30）.
^
Alan Fisher. The Life and Family of Süleymân I. İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar (编). Süleymân The Second [i.e. the First] and His Time. Istanbul: Isis Press. 1993: 9. ISBN 975-428-052-5.
- Emecen, Feridun. İslâm Ansiklopedisi 38. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi: 62–74. 2010. Information indicating that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan or was related to the family of Dulkadıroğlu is incorrect. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
^ Hafsa (d. 1534). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 2002-01-01 [2017-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
^ Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.
^ Amy Singer. Constructing Ottoman beneficence: An imperial soup kitchen in Jerusalem p. 90 ISBN 0-7914-5351-0. State University of New York Press. 2002.

外部連結

https://web.archive.org/web/20060502150736/http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey4.htm

前任：居爾芭哈爾可敦（英语：Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)）	蘇丹皇太后 1520年9月30日 - 1534年3月19日	繼任：努爾巴努蘇丹

[1] Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993: 121. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.

[Hafsa_bint-i_Abdü'l-Muin-2] Sakaoğlu, Necdet（土耳其語：Necdet Sakaoğlu）. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. 2008: 148 [2018-05-31]. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6. （原始内容存档于2016-08-27）. (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı（土耳其語：İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı）. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam.)

[3] Though generally known as "Hafsa Sultan", she is sometimes incidentally referred to as "Ayşe Hafsa Sultan" by some authors, without indication of the origin of this name. Name "Hafsa" referred to Muhammad's wive Hafsa (حفصة) daughter of Umar ibn Al Kattab.

[4] Pietro Bragadin, Venetian Republic's ambassador in the early years of Suleiman the Magnificent's reign notes "a very beautiful woman of 48, for whom the sultan bears great reverence and love..." Leslie Peirce. The Imperial Harem : Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire p. 62 ISBN 0-19-508677-5. Oxford University Press. 1993.

[5] Strobel, Heidi. Sulayman the Magnificent - Oxford Reference. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. [2017-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. （原始内容存档于2019-11-30）.

[6] Alan Fisher. The Life and Family of Süleymân I. İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar (编). Süleymân The Second [i.e. the First] and His Time. Istanbul: Isis Press. 1993: 9. ISBN 975-428-052-5.
Emecen, Feridun. İslâm Ansiklopedisi 38. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi: 62–74. 2010. Information indicating that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan or was related to the family of Dulkadıroğlu is incorrect. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)

[7] Emecen, Feridun. İslâm Ansiklopedisi 38. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi: 62–74. 2010. Information indicating that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan or was related to the family of Dulkadıroğlu is incorrect. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)

[7] Hafsa (d. 1534). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 2002-01-01 [2017-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.

[8] Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.

[9] Amy Singer. Constructing Ottoman beneficence: An imperial soup kitchen in Jerusalem p. 90 ISBN 0-7914-5351-0. State University of New York Press. 2002.

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