膽囊收縮素

膽囊收縮素
識別號
别名	CCK；, cholecystokinin
外部ID	OMIM：118440 MGI：88297 HomoloGene：583 GeneCards：CCK
基因位置（人类）
染色体	3號染色體
终止	42,266,185 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠9号染色体
终止	121,324,760 bp
RNA表达模式
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能	• hormone activity; • 血浆蛋白结合; • neuropeptide hormone activity; • peptide hormone receptor binding;
細胞組分	• 細胞本體; • 細胞外區域; • 末梢神經; • soma; • 树突; • 轴丘; • axon initial segment; • 細胞外空間; • 轴突;
生物學過程	• regulation of sensory perception of pain; • eating behavior; • behavioral fear response; • negative regulation of appetite; • protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization; • positive regulation of glutamate secretion; • positive regulation of cell population proliferation; • positive regulation of protein oligomerization; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • positive regulation of apoptotic process; • activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • 訊息傳遞; • release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; • 细胞凋亡; • neuron migration; • axonogenesis; • regulation of signaling receptor activity; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • 記憶; • visual learning; • negative regulation of eating behavior; • positive regulation of sensory perception of pain; • negative regulation of behavioral fear response; • positive regulation of behavioral fear response; • 消化作用;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	885
	12424
	ENSG00000187094
	ENSMUSG00000032532
	P06307
	P09240
	NM_000729; NM_001174138
	NM_031161; NM_001284508
	NP_000720; NP_001167609
	NP_001271437; NP_112438
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

膽囊收縮素（英語：cholecystokinin，簡稱CCK或CCK-PZ）是一种脑肠肽，主要功能是促进脂肪和蛋白质的消化。其名称源自希腊语，包含chole（胆汁）、cysto（囊状）和kinin（移动）三个部分，整体意为“移动胆汁之囊”。它不仅在消化系统中广泛存在，还在中枢及外周神经系统中发挥作用^[5]。

膽囊收縮素在此之前名為促胰酶素（pancreozymin），是由小腸的黏膜上皮細胞當中的I細胞所合成，並由十二指腸分泌。当胆囊收缩素被分泌出来后，会刺激胰脏和胆囊分别释放消化酶和胆汁，以帮助消化过程。

除了在消化过程中发挥作用，胆囊收缩素还是一种食欲抑制剂。当胆囊收缩素在体内水平升高时，可以抑制食欲，帮助控制食物的摄入量。最近的證據暗示，膽囊收縮素在促進鴉片類藥物的藥物容許量，如嗎啡和海洛因，扮演著重要角色，並且在經歷鴉片類藥物停藥後的疼痛過敏經歷有著部份的關聯性^[6]^[7]。

膽囊收縮素基因最早在狗（Canis lupus familiaris）的胃肠道中被发现^[8]，随后在人类（Homo sapiens）、小鼠（Mus musculus）、虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）、大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）和团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）等多个物种中也有发现^[5]。研究表明，不同动物中的膽囊收縮素存在两种甚至三种不同的亚型，并且它们的功能存在差异^[5]。例如，在虹鳟中存在CCK-L、CCK-N和CCK-T三种膽囊收縮素亚型，其中CCK-L亚型作为饱腹因子调节摄食，而CCK-N亚型则无显著作用^[9]。在红鲷（Pagrus major）中发现CCK基因存在CCK1和CCK2亚型，其中CCK1亚型在消化过程中发挥重要作用，CCK2亚型则通过向脑发送信号调节食物摄入和控制饱腹感^[10]。而在白鲷（Diplodus sargus）中，CCK1基因的表达水平不受摄食影响，CCK2基因则参与消化过程的负反馈调节^[11]。

膽囊收縮素基因通过与胆囊收缩素受体基因（Cholecystokinin receptor，简称CCKR）相结合，调节动物的摄食、消化等生理过程^[12]。在多数动物中，CCKR基因存在CCK1R和CCK2R两种亚型^[13]。研究显示，CCK与CCK1R基因结合主要影响消化系统，而CCK与CCK2R基因结合则主要影响中枢神经系统，二者共同参与摄食活动的调节过程^[14]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187094 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032532 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 禁食和复投喂对大口黑鲈胆囊收缩素及其受体基因表达的影响. 水生生物学报. 2023-08-15, 47 (8): 1220–1227. doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0175.
^ Kissin I, Bright CA, Bradley EL. Acute tolerance to continuously infused alfentanil: the role of cholecystokinin and N-methyl-D-aspartate-nitric oxide systems. Anesth. Analg. 2000, 91 (1): 110–6 [2013-12-02]. PMID 10866896. doi:10.1097/00000539-200007000-00021. （原始内容存档于2007-12-06）.
^ Fukazawa Y, Maeda T, Kiguchi N, Tohya K, Kimura M, Kishioka S. Activation of spinal cholecystokinin and neurokinin-1 receptors is associated with the attenuation of intrathecal morphine analgesia following electroacupuncture stimulation in rats. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2007, 104 (2): 159–66. PMID 17558184. doi:10.1254/jphs.FP0070475.
^ Ivy, A. C.; Oldberg, E. Contraction and Evacuation of Gall-Bladder Caused by Highly Purified "Secretin" Preparation.. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1927-11-01, 25 (2): 113–115. doi:10.3181/00379727-25-3724.
^ Jensen, H; Rourke, IJ; Møller, M; Jønson, L; Johnsen, AH. Identification and distribution of CCK-related peptides and mRNAs in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2001-01-26, 1517 (2): 190–201. PMID 11342099. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00263-3.
^ Huong, Tran Thi Mai; Murashita, Koji; Senzui, Ayaka; Matsumoto, Toshiro; Fukada, Haruhisa. Cholecystokinin 1 and 2 in red seabream Pagrus major: molecular cloning, response to feeding, and a potential indicator of dietary protein source quality. Fisheries Science. 2020-09, 86 (5): 835–849. doi:10.1007/s12562-020-01443-z.
^ Micale, V; Campo, S; D'Ascola, A; Guerrera, MC; Levanti, MB; Germanà, A; Muglia, U. Cholecystokinin in white sea bream: molecular cloning, regional expression, and immunohistochemical localization in the gut after feeding and fasting.. PloS one. 2012, 7 (12): e52428. PMID 23285038. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052428.
^ Yu, N; Smagghe, G. CCK(-like) and receptors: structure and phylogeny in a comparative perspective.. General and comparative endocrinology. 2014-12-01, 209: 74–81. PMID 24842717. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.003.
^ Dufresne, M; Seva, C; Fourmy, D. Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors.. Physiological reviews. 2006-07, 86 (3): 805–47. PMID 16816139. doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2005.
^ Balaskó, M.; Rostás, I.; Füredi, N.; Mikó, A.; Tenk, J.; Cséplő, P.; Koncsecskó-Gáspár, M.; Soós, S.; Székely, M.; Pétervári, E. Age and nutritional state influence the effects of cholecystokinin on energy balance. Experimental Gerontology. 2013-11, 48 (11): 1180–1188. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.006.

外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Cholecystokinin

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187094 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032532 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[2022.0175-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 禁食和复投喂对大口黑鲈胆囊收缩素及其受体基因表达的影响. 水生生物学报. 2023-08-15, 47 (8): 1220–1227. doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0175.

[pmid10866896-6] Kissin I, Bright CA, Bradley EL. Acute tolerance to continuously infused alfentanil: the role of cholecystokinin and N-methyl-D-aspartate-nitric oxide systems. Anesth. Analg. 2000, 91 (1): 110–6 [2013-12-02]. PMID 10866896. doi:10.1097/00000539-200007000-00021. （原始内容存档于2007-12-06）.

[pmid17558184-7] Fukazawa Y, Maeda T, Kiguchi N, Tohya K, Kimura M, Kishioka S. Activation of spinal cholecystokinin and neurokinin-1 receptors is associated with the attenuation of intrathecal morphine analgesia following electroacupuncture stimulation in rats. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2007, 104 (2): 159–66. PMID 17558184. doi:10.1254/jphs.FP0070475.

[8] Ivy, A. C.; Oldberg, E. Contraction and Evacuation of Gall-Bladder Caused by Highly Purified "Secretin" Preparation.. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1927-11-01, 25 (2): 113–115. doi:10.3181/00379727-25-3724.

[9] Jensen, H; Rourke, IJ; Møller, M; Jønson, L; Johnsen, AH. Identification and distribution of CCK-related peptides and mRNAs in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2001-01-26, 1517 (2): 190–201. PMID 11342099. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00263-3.

[10] Huong, Tran Thi Mai; Murashita, Koji; Senzui, Ayaka; Matsumoto, Toshiro; Fukada, Haruhisa. Cholecystokinin 1 and 2 in red seabream Pagrus major: molecular cloning, response to feeding, and a potential indicator of dietary protein source quality. Fisheries Science. 2020-09, 86 (5): 835–849. doi:10.1007/s12562-020-01443-z.

[11] Micale, V; Campo, S; D'Ascola, A; Guerrera, MC; Levanti, MB; Germanà, A; Muglia, U. Cholecystokinin in white sea bream: molecular cloning, regional expression, and immunohistochemical localization in the gut after feeding and fasting.. PloS one. 2012, 7 (12): e52428. PMID 23285038. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052428.

[12] Yu, N; Smagghe, G. CCK(-like) and receptors: structure and phylogeny in a comparative perspective.. General and comparative endocrinology. 2014-12-01, 209: 74–81. PMID 24842717. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.003.

[13] Dufresne, M; Seva, C; Fourmy, D. Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors.. Physiological reviews. 2006-07, 86 (3): 805–47. PMID 16816139. doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2005.

[14] Balaskó, M.; Rostás, I.; Füredi, N.; Mikó, A.; Tenk, J.; Cséplő, P.; Koncsecskó-Gáspár, M.; Soós, S.; Székely, M.; Pétervári, E. Age and nutritional state influence the effects of cholecystokinin on energy balance. Experimental Gerontology. 2013-11, 48 (11): 1180–1188. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.006.

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