硬通货

提示：此条目的主题不是硬币。

硬通货，或作强势货币（英語：Hard Currency或Strong Currency），是指可以保值的货币。保证一种货币足够“硬”的因素有多种，其中包括政治稳定、低通货膨胀、稳定的货币政策和财政政策、有足够的贵金属储备支持、以及同其他货币比价长期保持稳定或攀升。

硬通货在不同时期的种类不同。古代的硬通货一般是黃金、白银等貴金屬製成的貨幣。

在一些经济体中，尤其是较为封闭的计划经济经济体或货币较为疲软的经济体中，一些商店可能会只接受硬通货交易。

國際貨幣基金組織公布的官方外汇储备货币构成 (COFER)

	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1995	1990	1985	1980	1975	1970	1965
美元	58.81%	58.92%	60.75%	61.76%	62.73%	65.36%	65.73%	65.14%	61.24%	61.47%	62.59%	62.14%	62.05%	63.77%	63.87%	65.04%	66.51%	65.51%	65.45%	66.50%	71.51%	71.13%	58.96%	47.14%	56.66%	57.88%	84.61%	84.85%	72.93%
欧元 (1999年以前称“欧洲货币单位”)	20.64%	21.29%	20.59%	20.67%	20.17%	19.14%	19.14%	21.20%	24.20%	24.05%	24.40%	25.71%	27.66%	26.21%	26.14%	24.99%	23.89%	24.68%	25.03%	23.65%	19.18%	18.29%	8.53%	11.64%	14.00%	17.46%
德國馬克(1995年后开始退出国际储备货币地位)																							15.75%	19.83%	13.74%	12.92%	6.62%	1.94%	0.17%
日圓	5.57%	6.03%	5.87%	5.19%	4.90%	3.95%	3.75%	3.54%	3.82%	4.09%	3.61%	3.66%	2.90%	3.47%	3.18%	3.46%	3.96%	4.28%	4.42%	4.94%	5.04%	6.06%	6.77%	9.40%	8.69%	3.93%	0.61%
英镑	4.78%	4.73%	4.64%	4.43%	4.54%	4.35%	4.71%	3.70%	3.98%	4.04%	3.83%	3.94%	4.25%	4.22%	4.82%	4.52%	3.75%	3.49%	2.86%	2.92%	2.70%	2.75%	2.11%	2.39%	2.03%	2.40%	3.42%	11.36%	25.76%
人民币	2.79%	2.29%	1.94%	1.89%	1.23%	1.08%
加元	2.38%	2.08%	1.86%	1.84%	2.03%	1.94%	1.77%	1.75%	1.83%	1.42%
法郎(1995年后开始退出国际储备货币地位)																							2.35%	2.71%	0.58%	0.97%	1.16%	0.73%	1.11%
澳元	1.81%	1.83%	1.70%	1.63%	1.80%	1.69%	1.77%	1.59%	1.82%	1.46%
瑞郎	0.20%	0.17%	0.15%	0.14%	0.18%	0.16%	0.27%	0.24%	0.27%	0.21%	0.08%	0.13%	0.12%	0.14%	0.16%	0.17%	0.15%	0.17%	0.23%	0.41%	0.25%	0.27%	0.33%	0.84%	1.40%	2.25%	1.34%	0.61%
荷兰盾(1995年后开始退出国际储备货币地位)																							0.32%	1.15%	0.78%	0.89%	0.66%	0.08%
其他	3.01%	2.65%	2.51%	2.45%	2.43%	2.33%	2.86%	2.83%	2.84%	3.26%	5.49%	4.43%	3.04%	2.20%	1.83%	1.81%	1.74%	1.87%	2.01%	1.58%	1.31%	1.49%	4.87%	4.89%	2.13%	1.29%	1.58%	0.43%	0.03%
	Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves International Monetary Fund

参见

• 储备货币