擬星螺屬

擬星螺屬; 化石时期：始新世 - 現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A Fossil shell of Bolma rugosa from Pliocene of Italy
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	鐘螺目 Trochida
总科：	鐘螺總科 Trochoidea
科：	蠑螺科 Turbinidae
亚科：	蠑螺亞科 Turbininae
属：	擬星螺屬 Bolma; Risso, 1826
模式種
	Bolma rugosa Linnaeus, C., 1767;
異名
	Astralium (Bolma) Risso, 1826; Bolma (Ormastralium) Sacco, 1896 - alternate representation; Galeoastraea Habe, 1958 (not available); Hirasazaea Habe, 1958 (not available); † Incilaster Finlay, 1926; † Oobolma Sacco, 1896; † Ormastralium Sacco, 1896; Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908; Senobolma Okutani, 1964; Tubicanthus Swains, 1840; † Tylastralium Sacco, 1896;

擬星螺屬（學名：Bolma）是一個包括有中型到大型海螺的一個屬^[2]，其物種都有鈣質的螺厣，皆為蠑螺科的海洋腹足纲软体动物^[2]。

化石紀錄

本屬物種已知從始新世開始就已經出現到現在（範圍：3390萬年前到現在）。這個物種的化石螺殻曾於以下地區發現^[3]：

型態特徵

本物種的舌齒的中央齒have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps.

The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral.^[4]

分佈

This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland).

物種

截至2018年3月5日 (2018-03-05)^[update]，本屬現時在WoRMS紀錄有45個物種^[2]：

Bolma anacanthos Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902)
黄金蝾螺 Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907)
Bolma austroconica Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
Bolma bartschii Dall, 1913
Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
布氏擬星螺 Bolma boucheti Alf & Kreipl, 2011
Bolma castelinae Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma crassigranosa (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
Bolma exotica (Okutani, 1969)
Bolma flava Beu & Ponder, 1979
Bolma flindersi (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
Bolma fuscolineata Alf & Kreipl, 2009
雷神星螺 Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861)
Bolma granosa (Borson, 1821) †
细粒蝾螺 Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863)
榮光星螺 Bolma henica (R. B. Watson, 1879)
Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923)
Bolma kermadecensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
Bolma kiharai Kosuge, 1986
Bolma kreipli Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma maestratii Alf & Kreipl, 2009
Bolma mainbaza Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma marshalli (Thomson, 1908) †
Bolma martinae Kreipl & Alf, 2005
Bolma massieri Bozzetti, 1992
Bolma microconcha Kosuge, 1985
Bolma midwayensis (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)
Bolma minuta Neubert, 1998
Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983
塔星螺 Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)，塔蝾螺
Bolma myrica Okutani, 2001
Bolma opaoana Bouchet & Métivier, 1983
红沙蝾螺 Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)
Bolma pseudobathyraphis Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)
Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
Bolma sabinae Alf & Kreipl, 2004
Bolma somaliensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
Bolma tamikoana (Shikama, 1973)
Bolma tantalea Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
泰勒氏蝾螺 Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)
Bolma venusta (Okutani, 1964)

異名

Bolma christianeae Nolf, 2005：为Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)的异名。
Bolma clemenceae Bozzetti, 2010：为Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)的异名。
Bolma erectospina Kosuge, 1983：为Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)的异名。
Bolma formosana (Shikama, 1977)：为Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)的异名。
Bolma macandrewii (Mørch, 1868)：为Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)的异名。
Bolma sunderlandi Petuch, 1987：为Cantrainea sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987)的异名。

下列物种也列在印度洋-太平洋软体动物数据库中^[5]

'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola (DALL, 1925)

參考文獻

^ Risso A. (1826). H.N. Europe 4: 117.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Bolma Risso, 1826. WoRMS. 2017-03-17 [2018-03-08].
^ Bolma Risso 1826 (snail). Paleobiology Database. [2018-03-11].
^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. [2018-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-11）.
^ OBIS : Bolma. [2018-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-08）.

Risso, 1826, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale, 4: 117
Sacco, 1896, I Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte 21: 19
Schepman, 1908, Siboga Expeditie, 49a: 27
Finlay, 1926, Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57: 367, 373
Beu A. G. & Ponder W. F. (1979). A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32 (1): 1-68^{[永久失效連結]}
Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592
Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1–82, pls 104-245.

外部連結

Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2009-10-13)[1]^{[永久失效連結]}
Beu A.G. & Ponder W.F. (1979) A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32(1): 1-68. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Risso A. (1826). H.N. Europe 4: 117.

[WoRMS_138603-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Bolma Risso, 1826. WoRMS. 2017-03-17 [2018-03-08].

[3] Bolma Risso 1826 (snail). Paleobiology Database. [2018-03-11].

[4] G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. [2018-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-11）.

[5] OBIS : Bolma. [2018-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-08）.

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