跳至內容

使用者:Kc kennylau/temp

維基百科，自由的百科全書
標題
  1. Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
  2. a b Feigin VL (2005). "Stroke epidemiology in the developing world". Lancet 365 (9478): 2160–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66755-4. PMID 15978910.
  3. World Health Organisation. Cerebrovascular Disorders (Offset Publications). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241700432.
  4. Kidwell, C; Warach S (2003). "Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome: diagnostic criteria". Stroke 34 (12): 2995–8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000098902.69855.A9. PMID 14605325.
  5. Hackam DG, Spence JD (2007). "Combining multiple approaches for the secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke: a quantitative modeling study". Stroke 38 (6): 1881–5. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.475525. PMID 17431209.
  6. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C (June 1991). "Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction". Lancet 337 (8756): 1521–6. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-O. PMID 1675378.
  7. Bamford JM (2000). "The role of the clinical examination in the subclassification of stroke". Cerebrovasc. Dis. 10 Suppl 4: 2–4. doi:10.1159/000047582. PMID 11070389.
  8. a b c d e f g h i National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (1999). "Stroke: Hope Through Research". National Institutes of Health.
  9. Ay H; Furie KL; Singhal A; Smith WS; Sorensen AG; Koroshetz WJ (2005). "An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke". Ann Neurol 58 (5): 688–97. doi:10.1002/ana.20617. PMID 16240340.
  10. Nor AM, McAllister C, Louw SJ, et al (2004). "Agreement between ambulance paramedic- and physician-recorded neurological signs with Face Arm Speech Test (FAST) in acute stroke patients". Stroke 35 (6): 1355–1359. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000128529.63156.c5. PMID 15118173.
  11. Hill M (2005). "Diagnostic Biomarkers for Stroke: A Stroke Neurologist's Perspective". Clin Chem 51 (11): 2001–2002. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.056382. PMID 16244286.
  12. Goldstein L, Simel D (2005). "Is this patient having a stroke?". JAMA 293 (19): 2391–402. doi:10.1001/jama.296.16.2012. PMID 15900010.
  13. Chalela, J; Kidwell C, Nentwich L et al. (2007). "Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison". Lancet 369 (9558): 293–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60151-2. PMID 17258669. Retrieved on 2008-01-22.
  14. Kidwell, C; Chalela J, Saver J et al. (2004). "Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage". JAMA 292 (15): 1823–30. doi:10.1001/jama.292.15.1823. PMID 15494579. Retrieved on 2008-01-22.
  15. a b Straus SE, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA (2002). "New evidence for stroke prevention: scientific review". JAMA 288 (11): 1388–95. doi:10.1001/jama.288.11.1388. PMID 12234233.
  16. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, et al (2006). "Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline". Stroke 37 (6): 1583–633. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000223048.70103.F1. PMID 16675728.
  17. a b "Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients" (2002). BMJ 324 (7329): 71–86. PMID 11786451.
  18. Shinton R, Beevers G (1989). "Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke". BMJ 298 (6676): 789–94. PMID 2496858.
  19. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Walker M (1995). "Smoking cessation and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men". JAMA 274 (2): 155–60. doi:10.1001/jama.274.2.155. PMID 7596004.
  20. Reynolds K, Lewis B, Nolen JD, et al (2003). "Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis". JAMA 289 (5): 579–88. doi:10.1001/jama.289.5.579. PMID 12578491.
  21. Sloan MA, Kittner SJ, Rigamonti D, Price TR (1991). "Occurrence of stroke associated with use/abuse of drugs". Neurology 41 (9): 1358–64.PMID 1891081.
  22. American Heart Association. (2007). Stroke Risk Factors Americanheart.org. Retrieved on January 22, 2007.
  23. Gorelick PB (1987). "Alcohol and stroke". Stroke 18 (1): 268–71. PMID 3810763.
  24. Westover AN, McBride S, Haley RW (2007). "Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: a population-based study of hospitalized patients". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 64 (4): 495–502. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.4.495. PMID 17404126.
  25. Cantu C, Arauz A, Murillo-Bonilla LM, López M, Barinagarrementeria F (2003). "Stroke associated with sympathomimetics contained in over-the-counter cough and cold drugs". Stroke 34 (7): 1667–72. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000075293.45936.FA. PMID 12791938.
  26. Ezekowitz JA, Straus SE, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA (2003). "Stroke: strategies for primary prevention". Am Fam Physician 68 (12): 2379–86.PMID 14705756.
  27. a b c d Ederle J, Brown MM (2006). "The evidence for medicine versus surgery for carotid stenosis". Eur J Radiol 60 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.05.021. PMID 16920313.
  28. Whisnant JP (1996). "Effectiveness versus efficacy of treatment of hypertension for stroke prevention". Neurology 46 (2): 301–7. PMID 8614485.
  29. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, et al (1990). "Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context". Lancet 335 (8693): 827–38. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90944-Z.PMID 1969567.
  30. Psaty BM, Lumley T, Furberg CD, et al (2003). "Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a network meta-analysis". JAMA 289 (19): 2534–44. doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2534. PMID 12759325.
  31. a b "Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration" (1995). Lancet 346 (8991-8992): 1647–53. PMID 8551820.
  32. Gueyffier F, Boissel JP, Boutitie F, et al (1997). "Effect of antihypertensive treatment in patients having already suffered from stroke. Gathering the evidence. The INDANA (INdividual Data ANalysis of Antihypertensive intervention trials) Project Collaborators". Stroke 28 (12): 2557–62. PMID 9412649.
  33. Gueyffier F, Bulpitt C, Boissel JP, et al (1999). "Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group". Lancet 353 (9155): 793–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08127-6. PMID 10459960.
  34. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG, et al (2000). "Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials". Lancet 355 (9207): 865–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07330-4. PMID 10752701.
  35. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al (2008). "Treatment of Hypertension in Patients 80 Years of Age or Older". N. Engl. J. Med. 358: 1887. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801369. PMID 18378519.
  36. a b Neal B, MacMahon S, Chapman N (2000). "Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration". Lancet 356 (9246): 1955–64. PMID 11130523.
  37. "Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)" (2002). JAMA 288 (23): 2981–97. PMID 12479763.
  38. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB (1987). "Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study". Arch. Intern. Med. 147 (9): 1561–4. doi:10.1001/archinte.147.9.1561. PMID 3632164.
  39. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al (2006). "ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society". Circulation 114 (7): e257–354. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292. PMID 16908781.
  40. Iso H, Jacobs DR, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD (1989). "Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial". N. Engl. J. Med. 320 (14): 904–10. PMID 2619783.
  41. a b O'Regan C, Wu P, Arora P, Perri D, Mills EJ (2008). "Statin therapy in stroke prevention: a meta-analysis involving 121,000 patients". Am. J. Med. 121 (1): 24–33. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.033. PMID 18187070.
  42. Hebert PR, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH (1995). "An overview of trials of cholesterol lowering and risk of stroke". Arch. Intern. Med. 155 (1): 50–5. doi:10.1001/archinte.155.1.50. PMID 7802520.
  43. "Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group" (1998). Lancet 352 (9131): 837–53. PMID 9742976.
  44. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al (2005). "Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial". Lancet 366 (9493): 1279–89. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67528-9. PMID 16214598.
  45. Johnson ES, Lanes SF, Wentworth CE, Satterfield MH, Abebe BL, Dicker LW (1999). "A metaregression analysis of the dose-response effect of aspirin on stroke". Arch. Intern. Med. 159 (11): 1248–53. doi:10.1001/archinte.159.11.1248. PMID 10371234.
  46. a b Hankey GJ, Sudlow CL, Dunbabin DW (2000). "Thienopyridine derivatives (ticlopidine, clopidogrel) versus aspirin for preventing stroke and other serious vascular events in high vascular risk patients". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD001246. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001246.PMID 10796426.
  47. Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A (2006). "Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial". Lancet 367 (9523): 1665–73. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68734-5. PMID 16714187.
  48. Algra A (2007). "Medium intensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): a randomised controlled trial". Lancet Neurol 6 (2): 115–24. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70685-8. PMID 17239798.
  49. Hart RG, Halperin JL, McBride R, Benavente O, Man-Son-Hing M, Kronmal RA (2000). "Aspirin for the primary prevention of stroke and other major vascular events: meta-analysis and hypotheses". Arch. Neurol. 57 (3): 326–32. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.3.326. PMID 10714657.
  50. Bartolucci AA, Howard G (2006). "Meta-analysis of data from the six primary prevention trials of cardiovascular events using aspirin". Am. J. Cardiol. 98 (6): 746–50. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.04.012. PMID 16950176.
  51. Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, Pangrazzi I, Tognoni G, Brown DL (2006). "Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: a sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". JAMA 295 (3): 306–13. doi:10.1001/jama.295.3.306. PMID 16418466.
  52. Yerman T, Gan WQ, Sin DD (2007). "The influence of gender on the effects of aspirin in preventing myocardial infarction". BMC Med 5: 29. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-5-29. PMID 17949479.
  53. Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, et al (2003). "Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis". Lancet 361 (9352): 107–16. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12228-3. PMID 12531577.
  54. Ringleb PA, Chatellier G, Hacke W, et al (2008). "Safety of endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis compared with surgical treatment: a meta-analysis". J. Vasc. Surg. 47 (2): 350–5. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.10.035. PMID 18241759.
  55. Ederle J, Featherstone RL, Brown MM (2007). "Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for carotid artery stenosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD000515. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000515.pub3. PMID 17943745.
  56. Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP, Barnett HJ (2004). "Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery". Lancet 363 (9413): 915–24. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15785-1. PMID 15043958.
  57. Fairhead JF, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM (2005). "Population-based study of delays in carotid imaging and surgery and the risk of recurrent stroke". Neurology 65 (3): 371–5. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000170368.82460.b4. PMID 16087900.
  58. "Screening for carotid artery stenosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement" (2007). Ann. Intern. Med. 147 (12): 854–9. PMID 18087056.
  59. Halliday A, Mansfield A, Marro J, et al (2004). "Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial". Lancet 363 (9420): 1491–502. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16146-1. PMID 15135594.
  60. Chambers BR, Donnan GA (2005). "Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD001923. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001923.pub2. PMID 16235289.
  61. Spence JD (September 2006). "Nutrition and stroke prevention". Stroke 37 (9): 2430–5. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000236633.40160.ee. PMID 16873712.
  62. Wang X, Qin X, Demirtas H, et al (2007). "Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in stroke prevention: a meta-analysis". Lancet 369 (9576): 1876–82. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60854-X. PMID 17544768.
  63. Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, et al (2006). "Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (15): 1567–77. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060900. PMID 16531613.
  64. Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, et al (2004). "Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial". JAMA 291 (5): 565–75. doi:10.1001/jama.291.5.565. PMID 14762035.
  65. Krieger DW, De Georgia MA, Abou-Chebl A, et al (August 2001). "Cooling for acute ischemic brain damage (cool aid): an open pilot study of induced hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke". Stroke 32 (8): 1847–54. PMID 11486115.
  66. Schwab S, Schwarz S, Spranger M, Keller E, Bertram M, Hacke W (December 1998). "Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction". Stroke 29 (12): 2461–6. PMID 9836751.
  67. The National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke Rt-Pa Stroke Study Group, (1995). "Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group". New England Journal of Medicine 333 (24): 1581–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199512143332401. PMID 7477192.
  68. Dubinsky, R; Lai SM (2006). "Mortality of stroke patients treated with thrombolysis: analysis of nationwide inpatient sample". Neurology 66 (11): 1742–1744. PMID 16769953. Retrieved on 2007-01-22.
  69. "Position Statement on the Use of Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy in the Treatment of Stroke". American Academy of Emergency Medicine. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
  70. Flint AC, Duckwiler GR, Budzik RF, Liebeskind DS, Smith WS (2007). "Mechanical thrombectomy of intracranial internal carotid occlusion: pooled results of the MERCI and Multi MERCI Part I trials". Stroke 38 (4): 1274–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000260187.33864.a7. PMID 17332445.
  71. Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S, et al (2005). "Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial". Stroke 36 (7): 1432–8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000171066.25248.1d. PMID 15961709.
  72. Lutsep HL, Rymer MM, Nesbit GM (2008). "Vertebrobasilar revascularization rates and outcomes in the MERCI and multi-MERCI trials". J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 17 (2): 55–7. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.11.003. PMID 18346645.
  73. Smith WS (2006). "Safety of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Results of the multi Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) trial, part I". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 (6): 1177–82. PMID 16775259.
  74. Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J, et al (2008). "Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: final results of the Multi MERCI trial". Stroke 39 (4): 1205–12. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.497115. PMID 18309168.
  75. Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI (2007). "Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation". Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (12): 857–67. PMID 17577005.
  76. Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Micheli S, Caso V (2007). "Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment in acute cardioembolic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Stroke 38 (2): 423–30. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000254600.92975.1f. PMID 17204681. ACP JC synopsis
  77. a b Coffey C. Edward, Cummings Jeffrey L, Starkstein Sergio, Robinson Robert (2000). Stroke - The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Second Edition, Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 601–617.
  78. Stanford Hospital & Clinics. "Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects of Stroke".
  79. a b Senelick Richard C., Rossi, Peter W., Dougherty, Karla (1994). Living with Stroke: A Guide For Families. Contemporary Books, Chicago.
  80. a b Villarosa, Linda, Ed., Singleton, LaFayette, MD, Johnson, Kirk A. (1993). Black Health Library Guide to Stroke. Henry Holt and Company, New York.
  81. Reith J, Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Seizures in acute stroke: predictors and prognostic significance. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke 1997;28:1585–9. PMID 9259753.
  82. Burn J, Dennis M, Bamford J, Sandercock P, Wade D, Warlow C. Epileptic seizures after a first stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. BMJ 1997;315:1582–7. PMID 9437276.
  83. Murray CJ, Lopez AD (1997). "Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study". Lancet 349 (9061): 1269–76. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07493-4. PMID 9142060.
  84. (2004) The World health report 2004. Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002.. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  85. Ellekjær, H; Holmen J, Indredavik B, Terent A (1997). "Epidemiology of Stroke in Innherred, Norway, 1994 to 1996 : Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rate". Stroke 28: 2180–2184. PMID 9368561. Retrieved on 2008-01-22.
  86. Bongers T, de Maat M, van Goor M et al. (2006). "High von Willebrand factor levels increase the risk of first ischemic stroke: influence of ADAMTS13, inflammation, and genetic variability". Stroke 37 (11): 2672–7. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000244767.39962.f7. PMID 16990571.
  87. a b Thompson JE (1996). "The evolution of surgery for the treatment and prevention of stroke. The Willis Lecture". Stroke 27 (8): 1427–34.PMID 8711815.
  88. Kopito, Jeff (September 2001). "A Stroke in Time". MERGINET.com 6 (Number 9).
  89. R. Barnhart, ed. The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology (1995)
  90. Schiller F (April 1970). "Concepts of stroke before and after Virchow". Med Hist 14 (2): 115–31. PMID 4914683.
取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kc_kennylau/temp&oldid=19629744」