麝香弓背蟻亞屬

麝香弓背蟻亞屬
	紅頭弓背蟻的小型工蟻
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
屬：	弓背蟻屬 Camponotus
亞屬：	麝香弓背蟻亞屬 Myrmosaulus; Wheeler, W.M., 1921
模式種
	Camponotus camelinus（瓦瑞語：Camponotus camelinus）; (Fabricius, 1787)
物種
	見內文
多樣性
	12種

麝香弓背蟻亞屬（學名：Myrmosaulus）是弓背蟻屬之下的一個亞屬，英文稱為「Monster-head Carpenter Ants」（意譯為：怪物頭木匠蟻）。由Wheeler於1921年描述。^[1]^[2]

描述

該亞屬物種從大型至中型；二態性明顯。頭部一般側緣圓潤，後緣凹陷；小頭有側緣筆直或圓形，後緣凸起或尖狀（飛彈形），一些物種的末端為頸部，如巨人恐蟻（Dinomyrmex gigas）和一些細瘦弓背蟻亞屬（Tanaemyrmex）亞屬的物種。前緣產生矩形或圓形葉，類似細瘦弓背蟻亞屬。下頜骨沿咀嚼邊緣有 6-8 個簡單齒;齒狀物有時沿基緣出現。柄節略長於後頭緣，即使在大種中也是如此。在工蟻中，中體背側呈圓形;後吻合線深至輕微壓痕；在前一種情況下，前足形狀為圓形凸起;後鼻氣孔在中體背側非常明顯。葉柄通常或多或少呈結節狀。花序和脛骨有細小的白色毛（除了 C. aurocinctus（註：C. aurocinctus被Shattuck & McArthur (2002) 轉移到未排名的wiederckehri組）。^[2]

特點

該亞屬的大部分工蟻的中並胸腹節在與並胸腹節之間都會有凹陷，且並胸腹節後部微凸起。^[2] 該亞屬部分物種的大型工蟻的頭部具有極度特化現象。

下屬物種

該亞屬包括以下12個成員：

金腹弓背蟻 Camponotus auriventris Emery, 1889 ^[3]
金環弓背蟻 Camponotus aurocinctus (Smith, F., 1858) ^[4]
貝茨弓背蟻 Camponotus batesii Forel, 1895 ^[5]
Camponotus camelinus (Smith, F., 1857)
絲毛弓背蟻 Camponotus holosericeus Emery, 1889 中華弓背蟻
無畏弓背蟻 Camponotus intrepidus
(Kirby, W., 1819) 勇敢弓背蟻
- 無畏弓背蟻好戰亞種 Camponotus intrepidus bellicosus Forel, 1902
Camponotus leae Wheeler, W.M., 1915
Camponotus molossus Forel, 1907
紅頭弓背蟻 Camponotus singularis
(Smith, F., 1858) ^[6]
- 紅頭弓背蟻赤斑變種 Camponotus singularis rufomaculatus Donisthorpe, 1941 ^[7]
滿絨弓背蟻 Camponotus suffusus
(Smith, F., 1858) ^[8]
- 滿絨弓背蟻本迪戈變種 Camponotus suffusus bendigensis Forel, 1902 ^[9]
花斑弓背蟻 Camponotus versicolor Clark, 1930
懷特弓背蟻 Camponotus whitei Wheeler, W.M., 1915

參考文獻

^ Wheeler, W. M. 1921a. Professor Emery's subgenera of the genus Camponotus Mayr. Psyche (Camb.) 28: 16-19 (page 18, Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus)
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 112, Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus)
^ Jaitrong W.; Nabhitabhata, J. 2005. A list of known ant species of Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal 1(1): 9-54.
^ Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 705, combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))
^ Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 88, catalogue)
^ 吳堅.王常祿.中國螞蟻.北京:中國林業出版社.1995.
^ Donisthorpe, H. 1941k. Descriptions of new ants (Hym., Formicidae) from various localities. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11(8): 199-210 (page 208, soldier, worker d*Yamane, S., Tanaka, H.O., Hasimoto, Y., Ohashi, M., Meleng, P., Itioka, T. 2021. A list of ants from Lambir Hills National Park and its vicinity, with their biological information: Part II. Subfamilies Leptanillinae, Proceratiinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, Ectatomminae and Formicinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University 31, 87–157.
^ Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 114, Combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))
^ Crawley, W. C. 1921. New and little-known species of ants from various localities. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)7:87-97. PDF

[1] Wheeler, W. M. 1921a. Professor Emery's subgenera of the genus Camponotus Mayr. Psyche (Camb.) 28: 16-19 (page 18, Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus)

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 112, Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus)

[3] Jaitrong W.; Nabhitabhata, J. 2005. A list of known ant species of Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal 1(1): 9-54.

[4] Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 705, combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))

[5] Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 88, catalogue)

[6] 吳堅.王常祿.中國螞蟻.北京:中國林業出版社.1995.

[7] Donisthorpe, H. 1941k. Descriptions of new ants (Hym., Formicidae) from various localities. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11(8): 199-210 (page 208, soldier, worker d*Yamane, S., Tanaka, H.O., Hasimoto, Y., Ohashi, M., Meleng, P., Itioka, T. 2021. A list of ants from Lambir Hills National Park and its vicinity, with their biological information: Part II. Subfamilies Leptanillinae, Proceratiinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, Ectatomminae and Formicinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University 31, 87–157.

[8] Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 114, Combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))

[9] Crawley, W. C. 1921. New and little-known species of ants from various localities. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)7:87-97. PDF

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