第三方法則
第三方法則（ third-party doctrine；第三方原則；第三人理論；第三人原則）是美國的法律原則，認為自願向第三方提供信息的人、比如銀行、電話公司、網際網路服務供應商（ISP）及電子郵件服務器，致使「對隱私沒有合理的期望」。如此缺乏隱私保護使得美國政府無需合法令狀即可從第三方獲取信息，也無需遵守《美國憲法第四修正案》即在沒有相當理由、及司法搜查令下禁止搜查與扣押之法律。[1]
註釋
- ^ Thompson II, Richard M. The Fourth Amendment Third-Party Doctrine.
延伸閲讀
- Kerr, Orin S. The Case for the Third-Party Doctrine (PDF). Mich. L. Rev.. 2009, 107 (4): 561–602. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於October 7, 2009）.
- Chaker, Vania. Your Spying Smartphone: Individual Privacy Is Narrowly Strengthened in Carpenter v. United States, The U.S. Supreme Court's Most Recent Fourth Amendment Ruling. Journal of Tech Law. 21 September 2018 [21 September 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-27）.
- Chaker, Vania. Chimaera I: Chimaera Unleashed: The Specter of Warrantless Governmental Intrusion Is a Phantom that Has Achieved Greater Life in the Ether of Internet Communications. Journal of Tech Law. 6 August 201, 23 [6 August 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-19）.
參見
外部連結
- The Third Party Doctrine in the Digital Age, Justice Action CenterStudent Capstone Journal, 2012
- The Data Question: Should the Third-Party Records Doctrine Be Revisited? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- The Fourth Amendment Third-Party Doctrine （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Congressional Research Service, 2014