矛頭蝮
科學分類
界:
動物界 Animalia
門:
脊索動物門 Chordata
綱:
爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目:
有鱗目 Squamata
亞目:
蛇亞目 Serpentes
科:
蝰科 Viperidae
屬:
矛頭蝮屬 Bothrops
種:
矛頭蝮 B. atrox
二名法
Bothrops atrox
異名
Coluber atrox Linnaeus, 1758
[Coluber ] ambiguus Gmelin , 1788
Vipera Weigeli Daudin , 1803
Cophias holocericeus Wied-Neuwied , 1821
Trigonoceph [alus ]. atrox – Schinz , 1822
Vipera atrox Weigelii – Schinz, 1822
Trigonoceph [alus ]. holocericeus – Schinz, 1822
Bothrops furia Wagler , 1824
Bothrops tessellatus Wagler, 1824
Craspedocephalus atrox – Fitzinger , 1826
Craspedocephalus Weigelii – Fitzinger, 1826
[Bothrops ] atrox – Wagler, 1830
[Bothrops ] ambiguus – Wagler, 1830
T [rigonocephalus ]. atrox – Schlegel , 1837
Trigonocephalus Colombiensis Hallowell , 1845
Bothrops affinis Gray , 1849
Bothrops atrox var. tessellatus – Jan & Sordelli, 1875
Lachesis atrox – Boulenger , 1896
Botrhops atrox – Recinos , 1913
B [othrops ]. Neuvoiedii Venezuelenzi Briceño Rossi, 1934
Trimeresurus atrox – Schmidt & Walker, 1943
Bothrops atrox atrox – Hoge , 1952
Bothrops colombiensis – Hoge, 1966
Bothrops atrox colombiensis – Gubensk, Turk & Drujan, 1978
Bothrops isabelae Sandner-Montilla, 1979
Bothrops lanceolatus aidae Sandner-Montilla, 1981
B [othrops ]. atrox aidae – Vanzolini , 1986
Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae Sandner-Montilla, 1990 [ 1]
矛頭蝮 長75–125釐米。矛頭蝮的背上環斑可融入雨林的落葉地表,幫助牠們長時間等候獵物。矛頭蝮受干擾時會像響尾蛇 一樣舉起尾巴發聲警告入侵者(尾部無響環)。矛頭蝮會受人類住宅區的老鼠吸引而來到人類的住所,容易咬傷人類。矛頭蝮的毒液會瓦解傷口周遭的組織,毒液還會隨著血液蔓延破壞血液組織,最後導致心臟及腎臟衰竭。
參考文獻
Bothrops atrox Coluber atrox