爆炸性銻
爆炸性銻是銻元素的一種極度活躍的同素異形體。當它受到刮擦，或突然受熱時，就會爆炸。[1][2][3][4][5][6]它於1855年首次被描述，[7][8]可通過電解三氯化銻的鹽酸溶液製取。[1][2][3][4]爆炸性銻晶體的邊界處常常會出現以鹵素為主的雜質。當它爆炸時，平均每克爆炸性銻會釋放24卡路里的能量。[9]
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Allan C. Topp. Studies on Explosive Antimony and Antimony Tetrachloride Solutions. Dalhousie University. 1939 [2016-11-21].
- ^ 2.0 2.1
N.C. Norman. Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth. Springer Science & Business Media. 1997: 50 [2016-11-21]. ISBN 9780751403893.
Another possible allotrope, known as explosive antimony, has been reported which is produced by electrolysis of antimony chloride, iodide or bromide and is believed to be in a strained amorphous state.
- ^ 3.0 3.1
Otfried Madelung. Semiconductors: Data Handbook. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012: 408 [2016-11-21]. ISBN 9783642188657.
Explosive Antimony is only metastable and transforms into metallic antimony during mechanical stress and heating. Explosive Antimony is probably not an allotropic form, but a mixed polymer.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Egon Wiberg, Nils Wiberg. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press. 2001: 758 [2016-11-21]. ISBN 9780123526519.
- ^ Bernard Martel. Chemical Risk Analysis: A Practical Handbook. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2004 [2016-11-21]. ISBN 9780080529042.
- ^
James H. Walton Jr. Suspended changes in Nature. Popular Science. July 1913: 31 [2016-11-21].
We are indebted to the investigations of Professor Cohen for a more striking example of a metastable metal, that of the " explosive " antimony. By passing an electric current through a solution of antimony chloride this metal may be deposited in the form of a thick metallic coating.
- ^ C.C. Coffin, Stuart Johnston. Studies on Explosive Antimony. I. The Microscopy of Polished Surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1934-10-01. JSTOR 2935608.
- ^ C.C. Coffin. Studies on Explosive Antimony. II. Its Structure, Electrical Conductivity, and Rate of Crystallization (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1935-10-15: 47–63 [2016-11-21]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-09-12）.
- ^
F. M. Aymerich, A. Delunas. On the explosive semiconductor-semimetal transition of antimony. Physica Status Solidi A (Physica Status Solidi). 1975-09-16, 31 (1): 165–170. Bibcode:1975PSSAR..31Q.165A. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210310118.
The energy released by this transition, is measured to be 24 cal per gram of amorphous Sb and is shown to be related to a variation of the mass density and of the conductivity behaviour of Sb going from one configuration to the other. A simple theoretical model is outlined which quite satisfactory gives the gross features of the free-energy diagram of the above transition, although more deep investigation is needed to account for the energy balance of it.
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