毛蚋屬
毛蚋屬 化石時期：
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Bibio johannis | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 雙翅目 Diptera |
| 科： | 毛蚋科 Bibionidae |
| 亞科： | 毛蚋亞科 Bibioninae |
| 屬： | 毛蚋屬 Bibio Geoffroy, 1762 |
| 模式種 | |
| Tipula hortulanus | |
| 種 | |
| 異名 | |
| |
毛蚋屬（學名：Bibio）是毛蚋科下的一屬，又稱為毛蠅、三月蠅（March flies），牠們生活在春季新生的草叢中，採集花蜜為食，因而得名「三月蠅」，牠們也會取食植株的根部或腐爛的植物組織。這類昆蟲僅有一對能摺疊且內部很發達的前翅，後翅則退化為平衡棍。前翅的翅脈結構和色素澱積已經退化。[2]牠們是幾種植物的授粉媒介，例如：豬草（Heracleum sphondylium）、綠毛山柳菊（Hieracium pilosella）等。[3]
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種：
- Bibio abbreviatus Loew, 1864[4]
- Bibio ablusus Hardy, 1965
- Bibio acaptus Dürrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- Bibio acerbus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- Bibio acutifidus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- Bibio adjunctus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio aduncatus Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio aequaesextiae Skartveit & Nel, 2017
- Bibio aequalis Brunetti, 1912
- Bibio aerosus Statz, 1943
- Bibio afer Loew, 1854
- Bibio affiniproximus Hardy, 1965
- Bibio ainoi Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio albagulus Dürrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- Bibio albangulus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio albipennis Say, 1823
- Bibio alexanderi James, 1936
- Bibio alienus McAtee, 1923[7]
- Bibio alpestris (Schrank, 1785)
- Bibio amnon Skartveit & Kaplan, 1996
- Bibio amputonervis Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio anasiformis Dürrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- Bibio anatolicus Skartveit & Nel, 2012
- Bibio aneuretus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio anglicus Verrall, 1869
- Bibio angustatus Heer, 1849
- Bibio anposis Hardy, 1968[8]
- Bibio antiquus von Heyden, 1856
- Bibio approximatus Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio aquaesextiae Skartveit & Nel, 2017
- Bibio aquilus Hardy, 1967
- Bibio araeoceles Hardy, 1967
- Bibio articulatus Say, 1823
- Bibio atavus Cockerell, 1909
- Bibio atrigigas Fitzgerald, 1997[9]
- Bibio atripilosus James, 1936
- Bibio auripes Statz, 1943
- Bibio autumnalis Fitzgerald, 1996
- Bibio aymardi Maneval, 1936
- Bibio bacilliformis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio baishanzunus Yang & Chen, 1995
- Bibio baltimoricus Macquart, 1855
- Bibio basalis Loew, 1864[4]
- Bibio batheri Pongrácz, 1928
- Bibio baumbergeri Théobald, 1937
- Bibio beameri Hardy, 1945
- Bibio beijingensis Yang & Luo, 1988
- Bibio benesi Pecina, 1962
- Bibio bicolor Walker, 1848
- Bibio biconcavus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- Bibio bidentata (Villers, 1789)
- Bibio bimaculatus Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio birudis Walker, 1861
- Bibio borisi Fitzgerald, 1997[9]
- Bibio boulayi Riou, 1999
- Bibio brachiatus Rondani, 1863
- Bibio brachypodus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio brevicalcar Edwards, 1928
- Bibio breviceps Loew, 1866
- Bibio brevicruris Hardy, 1950
- Bibio brevineurus Yang & Chen, 1995
- Bibio brevipes Loew, 1846
- Bibio brunetti Hardy, 1973
- Bibio brunneifemus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio brunneus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio brunnipes (Fabricius, 1781)
- Bibio bullatus (Hong, 1985)
- Bibio caffer Loew, 1866
- Bibio castaneipennis Skartveit & Wedmann, 2021[10]
- Bibio capnodes Melander, 1949
- Bibio carnificus Dürrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- Bibio carolinus Hardy, 1945
- Bibio carri Curran, 1927
- Bibio castanipes Jaennicke, 1867
- Bibio caucasicus Duda, 1930
- Bibio celasensis Théobald, 1937
- Bibio chapuisii (Oustalet, 1872)
- Bibio chelostylus Fitzgerald, 1997
- Bibio chiapensis Fitzgerald, 1997
- Bibio claviantenna Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio cockerelli James, 1937
- Bibio cognatus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio collaripes Brunetti, 1925
- Bibio colossoceps Zhang, 1989
- Bibio columbiaensis Hardy, 1938
- Bibio compta Statz, 1943
- Bibio consanguineus Loew, 1869
- Bibio constringtus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio constringutus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio contererus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio crassinervis Skartbeit & Pika, 2014
- Bibio crassinodus Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio cratopodus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio criorhinus Bellardi, 1859
- Bibio cruciformis Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio cuneatus Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio curtipes James, 1936
- Bibio curtisii Heer, 1856
- Bibio dacunhai Hardy, 1981
- Bibio deceptus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio defectus Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio deflectus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio deformatus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio depressus Meijere, 1924
- Bibio dipetalus Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio discalis Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio discerptus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio disjectus Théobald, 1937
- Bibio dislocatus Théobald, 1937
- Bibio dispar Schiner, 1868
- Bibio dolichotarsus Yang, 1997
- Bibio dormitus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio dorsalis Meigen, 1818
- Bibio echinulatus Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio edda Skartveit, Grimsson & Wappler, 2017
- Bibio elegantulus Novák, 1877
- Bibio elmoi Papp, 1982
- Bibio elongatus Heer, 1849
- Bibio emphysetarsus Yang, 1997
- Bibio enormus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio enterodelus Unger, 1841
- Bibio excurvatus Melander, 1949
- Bibio eximius Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- Bibio expansus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio explanatus Melander, 1949
- Bibio extremus Cockerell, 1921
- Bibio fasciata Meigen, 1804
- Bibio femoralis Meigen, 1838
- Bibio femoraspinatus Yang, 1997
- Bibio femoratus Wiedemann, 1820
- Bibio ferruginatus (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Bibio firmus Heer, 1849
- Bibio flavicans Edwards, 1928
- Bibio flavihalter Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio flavipilosus Yang & Luo, 1988
- Bibio flavissimus Brunetti, 1925
- Bibio flavitarsalis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio flavohirta Brunetti, 1912
- Bibio fluginatus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio flukei Hardy, 1937
- Bibio formosanus Okada, 1938
- Bibio formosus Novák, 1877
- Bibio fraternus Loew, 1864
- Bibio fuligineus Bellardi, 1859
- Bibio fulvicollis Gimmerthal, 1842
- Bibio fulvicrus Duda, 1930
- Bibio fulvipes (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- Bibio fulviventris Meigen, 1818
- Bibio fumipennis Walker, 1848
- Bibio funiuanus Yang & Cheng, 1997
- Bibio furcillatus Loew, 1871
- Bibio fuscitibia Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio fuscopiceous Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio fusiformis Heer, 1849
- Bibio gangliiger Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio gansuanus Li & Yang, 1995
- Bibio generi Gil Collado, 1932
- Bibio germari Meunier, 1920
- Bibio giganteus Unger, 1841
- Bibio gineri Gil Collado, 1932
- Bibio gracilipalpis Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio gracilis Unger, 1841
- Bibio graecus Duda, 1930
- Bibio gurnetensis Cockerell, 1917
- Bibio gutianshanus Yang, 1995
- Bibio hainanus Yang & Chen, 2002
- Bibio handlirschi Duda, 1930
- Bibio hebeiensis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio hennigi Hardy, 1952
- Bibio holomaurus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio holtii McAtee, 1922
- Bibio hordeiphagus Yang & Luo, 1987
- Bibio hortulanoides Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Bibio hyalipterus Yang & Chen, 1995
- Bibio illaudatus Hardy, 1961
- Bibio imitator Walker, 1835
- Bibio imparilis Hardy, 1959
- Bibio inflexus Théobald, 1937
- Bibio intermedius Rondani, 1850
- Bibio iwasugensis Ôuchi, 1940
- Bibio jamesi Melander, 1949
- Bibio janus Heyden, 1870
- Bibio japonica (Motschulsky, 1866)
- Bibio jilinensis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio jinggangensis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio johannis (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Bibio joursacencis Théobald, 1935
- Bibio kansensis James, 1936
- Bibio kenyaensis Hardy, 1950
- Bibio knowltoni Hardy, 1937
- Bibio kochii Staub, 1883
- Bibio kurenbtzovi Krivosheina, 2022
- Bibio labradorensis Johnson, 1929
- Bibio lanigerus Meigen, 1818
- Bibio lanigerus Wiedemann, 1818
- Bibio larteti Oustalet, 1870
- Bibio latahensis Lewis, 1969
- Bibio latiantennatus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio latifasciatus Yang & Cheng, 1998
- Bibio laufferi Strobl, 1906
- Bibio lautaretensis Villeneuve, 1924
- Bibio lepidus Loew, 1871
- Bibio leucopterus (Meigen, 1804)
- Bibio lignarius Germar, 1837
- Bibio linearis Heer, 1849
- Bibio liratus Yang & Luo, 1988
- Bibio lividus Heer, 1849
- Bibio lobatus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio longifrons Macquart, 1838
- Bibio longineurus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio longipalpus Yang & Cheng, 1997
- Bibio longipes Loew, 1864
- Bibio longirostris Rondani, 1863
- Bibio macer Loew, 1871
- Bibio maculatus Heer, 1849
- Bibio maestus Sherborn, 1928
- Bibio mancus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Bibio marmoratus Pongrácz, 1928
- Bibio matsumurai Okada, 1938
- Bibio medianus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio medioalbus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio medogana Yang & Li, 2004
- Bibio melanogaster Wiedemann, 1820
- Bibio melanonotalus Yang & Cheng, 1998
- Bibio melanopilosus Hardy, 1936
- Bibio metaclavipes Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio mickeli Hardy, 1937
- Bibio mimas Heyden, 1870
- Bibio minimus (Harris, 1776)
- Bibio minor Oustalet, 1870
- Bibio minusculus (Harris, 1776)
- Bibio miocenicus Hong & Wang, 1985
- Bibio moestus Heer, 1849
- Bibio monstri James, 1936
- Bibio montanus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio morio Heer, 1849
- Bibio murchisonis Unger, 1841
- Bibio nebulosus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio necotus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio nepalensis Hardy, 1967
- Bibio nigerescens Yang & Li, 2004
- Bibio nigerrimus Duda, 1930
- Bibio nigriclavipes Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio nigricosta Skartveit & Nel, 2012
- Bibio nigrifemoratus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio nigripennis Brunetti, 1913
- Bibio nigripilus Loew, 1864
- Bibio nigritus Curran, 1924
- Bibio nigriventris Haliday, 1833
- Bibio nigropilosus Duda, 1930
- Bibio nigrostigma Walker, 1848
- Bibio nudioculatus Macquart, 1847
- Bibio obediens Osten Sacken, 1881
- Bibio obliterata (Cockerell, 1915)
- Bibio oblongus Heer, 1849
- Bibio obsoletus Heer, 1850
- Bibio obtusus Théobald, 1937
- Bibio obuncus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio ochrostigmatus Yang & Cheng, 1998
- Bibio oeningensis Heer, 1849
- Bibio oligocenus Cockerell, 1917
- Bibio omani Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio oreonanus Fitzgerald, 1997
- Bibio painteri James, 1936
- Bibio painvini Meunier, 1915
- Bibio pallidohirtus Brunetti, 1925
- Bibio pallipes Say, 1823
- Bibio partschii Heer, 1849
- Bibio parvispinalis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio parvus (Harris, 1776)
- Bibio penisularis Zhang, 1993
- Bibio peraffinis Zhang, 1989
- Bibio peruvianus Edwards, 1935
- Bibio petilitarsalis Luo & Yang, 1988
- Bibio piceus Bellardi, 1859
- Bibio picinitarsis Brullé, 1833
- Bibio pingreensis James, 1936
- Bibio pinguis Heer, 1849
- Bibio plecioides Osten Sacken, 1881
- Bibio podager Melander, 1949
- Bibio pomonae (Fabricius, 1775)
- Bibio praecidus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio proximus Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio pruinosus Hardy, 1950
- Bibio pseudoclavipes Okada, 1938
- Bibio pulchellus Heer, 1849
- Bibio pyrrhonotus Speiser, 1909
- Bibio quadrifasciatus Yang & Chen, 2002
- Bibio radobojanus Heer, 1949
- Bibio reticulatus Loew, 1846
- Bibio rohli Statz, 1943
- Bibio rottensis Statz, 1943
- Bibio rubicundus Wulp, 1884
- Bibio rufalipes Hardy, 1937
- Bibio rufifemur Brunetti, 1911
- Bibio rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- Bibio rufithorax Wiedemann, 1828
- Bibio rufitibialis Hardy, 1938
- Bibio rufiventris (Duda, 1930)
- Bibio ruptineurus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio ryukyuensis Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio sadoensis Fujiyama, 1985
- Bibio sardocyrneus Haenni, 2009
- Bibio scaber Edwards, 1928
- Bibio scaurus Hardy, 1965
- Bibio sereri Massalongo, 1855
- Bibio sericatus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio shaanxiensis Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio shanwangensis Hong, 1984
- Bibio siculus Loew, 1846
- Bibio siebkei Mik, 1887
- Bibio sierrae Hardy, 1960
- Bibio sillemi Duda, 1935
- Bibio similis Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio similis James, 1936
- Bibio simulans Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio sinensis Ôuchi, 1940
- Bibio singularis Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
- Bibio slossonae Cockerell, 1909
- Bibio soldatus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio spectabilis Théobald, 1937
- Bibio sticheli Handlirsch, 1911
- Bibio striatipes Walker, 1848
- Bibio strobli Duda, 1930
- Bibio styriacus (Beier, 1952)
- Bibio subaequalis Rondani, 1868
- Bibio subrotundus Yang, 1995
- Bibio succineus Skartveit, 2021
- Bibio sumatranus Meijere, 1924
- Bibio superfluus Schiner, 1868
- Bibio tenebrosus Coquillett, 1898
- Bibio teneus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio tenuiapicalis Théobald, 1937
- Bibio tenuis Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio tertiarius Heyden, 1862
- Bibio testeus Lewis, 1969
- Bibio testus Lewis, 1969
- Bibio thoracicus Say, 1824
- Bibio tianmuanus Li & Yang, 2001
- Bibio totonigrum Hardy, 1965
- Bibio townesi Hardy, 1945
- Bibio tranopterus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio trifasciatus Yang & Chen, 2002
- Bibio tripus Dürrenfeldt, 1968
- Bibio tristis Williston, 1893
- Bibio tschernovi Krivosheina, 2015
- Bibio turcmenicus Duda, 1930
- Bibio turneri Edwards, 1925
- Bibio udus Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- Bibio upembensis Hardy, 1952
- Bibio utahensis Hardy, 1937
- Bibio variicolor Yang & Luo, 1989
- Bibio varineurus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio varipes Meigen, 1818
- Bibio velcidus Hardy, 1937
- Bibio velorum McAtee, 1923
- Bibio venosus (Meigen, 1804)
- Bibio ventricosus Zhang, 1989
- Bibio vestitus Walker, 1848
- Bibio vetus James, 1937
- Bibio vicinus Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878
- Bibio villosa (Razoumowsky, 1789)
- Bibio villosus Meigen, 1818
- Bibio vixdus Dürrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- Bibio vulcanius Melander, 1949
- Bibio vulpinus Statz, 1943
- Bibio wickhami Cockerell, 1915
- Bibio wulpi Hardy, 1953
- Bibio wuxianus Yang, 1997
- Bibio xanthopus Wiedemann, 1828
- Bibio xeronastes Fitzgerald, 1997
- Bibio xingshanus Yang, 1997
- Bibio xizangensis Yang & Luo, 1987
- Bibio xuthopteron Hardy, 1968[8]
- Bibio xylophilus Germar, 1837
- Bibio yuanus Yang & Cheng, 1997
- Bibio zhaoi Li & Yang, 2001
- B. carri Curran, 1927
- B. castanipes Jaennicke, 1867
- B. chelostylus Fitzgerald, 1997[9]
- B. chiapensis Fitzgerald, 1997[9]
- B. claviantenna Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. clavipes Meigen, 1818
- B. cognatus Hardy, 1937
- B. columbiaensis Hardy, 1938
- B. constringutus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. contererus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. crassinodus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. cruciformis Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. cuneatus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. curtipes James, 1936
- B. deflectus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. dipetalus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. discerptus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. dolichotarsus Yang, 1997[11][11]
- B. dormitus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. echinulatus Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. elmoi Papp, 1982
- B. emphysetarsus Yang, 1997[11]
- B. enormus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. femoralis Meigen, 1838
- B. femoraspinatus Yang, 1997[11]
- B. femoratus Wiedemann, 1820
- B. ferruginatus (Linnaeus, 1767)
- B. flavissimus Brunetti, 1925
- B. fluginata Hardy, 1937
- B. flukei Hardy, 1937
- B. fraternus Loew, 1864[4]
- B. fulvicollis Gimmerthal, 1842
- B. fumipennis Walker, 1848
- B. gineri Gil Collado, 1932
- B. graecus Duda, 1930
- B. handlirschi Duda, 1930
- B. hirtus Loew, 1864[4]
- B. holtii McAtee, 1922[7]
- B. hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- B. illaudatus Hardy, 1961
- B. imitator Walker, 1835
- B. imparilis Hardy, 1959
- B. inacqualis Loew, 1864[4]
- B. johannis (Linnaeus, 1767)
- B. kansensis James, 1936
- B. knowltoni Hardy, 1937
- B. labradorensis Johnson, 1929
- B. lanigerus Meigen, 1818
- B. latiantennatus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. laufferi Strobl, 1906
- B. lautaretensis Villeneuve, 1925
- B. lepidus Loew, 1871
- B. leucopterus (Meigen, 1804)
- B. longipes Loew, 1864[4]
- B. lugens Loew, 1864[4]
- B. macer Loew, 1871
- B. marci (Linnaeus, 1758)
- B. medioalbus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. melanopilosus Hardy, 1936
- B. mickeli Hardy, 1937
- B. monstri James, 1936
- B. nebulosus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. necotus Hardy, 1937
- B. nervosus Loew, 1864[4]
- B. nigrifemoratus Hardy, 1937
- B. nigripilus Loew, 1864
- B. nigripilus Loew, 1864[4]
- B. nigriventris Haliday, 1833
- B. obediens Osten Sacken, 1881
- B. obscurus Loew, 1864[4]
- B. painteri James, 1936
- B. pallipes Say, 1823
- B. picinitarsis Brulle, 1832
- B. pingreensis James, 1936
- B. plecioides Osten Sacken, 1881
- B. pomonae (Fabricius, 1775)
- B. praecidus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. reticulatus Loew, 1846
- B. rufalipes Hardy, 1937
- B. rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- B. rufithorax Wiedemann, 1828
- B. rufitibialis Hardy, 1938
- B. sericata Hardy, 1937
- B. shaanxiensis Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. siculus Loew, 1846
- B. siebkei Mik, 1887
- B. sierrae Hardy, 1960
- B. similis Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. similis James, 1936
- B. slossonae Cockerell, 1909
- B. soldatus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. striatipes Walker, 1848
- B. tenella Hardy, 1937
- B. tenuis Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. thoracicus Say, 1824
- B. townesi Hardy, 1945
- B. tripus Durrenfeldt, 1968[5]
- B. tristis Williston, 1893
- B. utahensis Hardy, 1937
- B. variabilis Loew, 1864[4]
- B. variicolor Yang & Luo, 1989[6]
- B. varipes Meigen, 1830
- B. velcida Hardy, 1937
- B. velorum McAtee, 1923[7]
- B. venosus (Meigen, 1804)
- B. vestitus Walker, 1848
- B. villosus Meigen, 1818
參考文獻
- ^ Fossilworks: Bibio. [2017-12-31]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-06） （英語）.
- ^ Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 78. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers (PDF). Plant Biology. 2015, 18: 56 [2018-01-01]. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-09-29）.
- ^ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Loew, Hermann. Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria quinta.. Berl. Ent. Z. 1864, 8: 49–104 [9 August 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-10）.
- ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 Durrenfeldt, A. Dipteren aus dem Oberpliozan von Willershausen. Beih. Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover. 1968, 6: 43–81.
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Yang, C.-k.; Luo, K. New species and new records of March flies from Shaanxi, China (Diptera: Bibionidae). Entomotax. 1989, 11: 141–156.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 McAtee, W. L. Descriptions of Bibio (Diptera) from the Carolinas. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (Washington: Entomological Society of Washington). 1923, 25: 62–64 [10 August 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-11）.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Hardy, D. E. Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea (PDF). Pacific Insects. 1968, 10 (3-4): 443–513 [12 August 2017]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-08-11）.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Fitzgerald, Scott J. A revision of Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) of Mexico and Central America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 1997, 123 (4): 225–287.
- ^ John Skartveit and Sonja Wedmann. 2021. A Revision of Fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany. Zootaxa. 4909(1); 1-77. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Yang, C.-k. Diptera: Bibionidae. Pp. 1441-1447. In Yang, X. (ed.), Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. Part 2.. Chongqing: Chongqing Publ. House. 1997: [4]+x+975-1847+[1].