親脂效率
親脂效率[1](英文:Lipophilic efficiency,LiP),也稱為配體親脂效率(英文:Ligand-lipophilicity efficicency,LLE),是藥物設計和藥物發現中用於評估研究化合物質量的參數,將效價和親脂性聯繫起來以評估藥物相似性。[2][3]對於給定的化合物,LiPE定義為關注的pIC50(或pEC50)與化合物LogP的差值。
在研發實踐中,通常使用計算值(例如cLogP或計算出的 cLogD)來代替測量的LogP或LogD。LiPE用於比較不同效價(pIC50s)和親脂性(LogP)的化合物。高效價,即pIC50值高是候選藥物的理想屬性,因為在給定的藥物濃度下,高效價意味著降低了非特異性和脫靶的藥理學風險。當藥物與低清除率相關時,高效價也允許更低的用藥劑量,從而降低特異質藥物反應的風險。[4][5]
另一方面,LogP代表了化合物總體親脂性的估算,該值會影響藥物發現中一系列生物過程中的行為,例如溶解度、生物膜滲透性、肝清除率、缺乏選擇性和非-特異性毒性。[6]對於口服藥物,LogP值介於2和3之間通常被認為是實現滲透性和首過清除率之間折衷的最佳選擇。
經驗證據表明優質候選藥物具有高LiPE(>6);該值對應於 pIC50 = 8且LogP = 2的化合物。繪製一系列化合物的 LogP對pIC50的關係圖可以對一個系列和單個化合物進行優先等級排序。
另一個方程使用效能比(以結合能測量)和分配係數的對數來計算具有不同比例的親脂性配體效率指數(LE)。 [7]
其他複合效率指標的背景下的LipE。[8]
參考文獻
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- ^ Edwards MP, Price DA. Role of Physicochemical Properties and Ligand Lipophilicity Efficiency in Addressing Drug Safety Risks. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry. 2010, 45: 381–391. ISBN 9780123809025. doi:10.1016/S0065-7743(10)45023-X.
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- ^ Shultz MD. Setting expectations in molecular optimizations: Strengths and limitations of commonly used composite parameters. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. November 2013, 23 (21): 5980–91. PMID 24018190. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.029.