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美国特勤局
美国特勤局徽章
美国特勤局旗帜
通称	U.S. Secret Service
简称	USSS
成立时间	1865
国家／地区	美利坚合众国美国
性质	联邦执法机构
管理体系
上级机构	美国国土安全部 （2003——现在） 美国财政部 （1865——2003）
联邦机构	美利坚合众国美国
领导
约瑟夫·克兰西
人员装备
年度预算	18亿美元 （2014）
职员数	6,750 + （2014）
誓约职员	4,400
办事处	136
驻地探员办公室	68
海外办公室	19
网站	www.SecretService.gov

美国特勤局（又译美国特勤处、美国秘勤局等，英文：United States Secret Service，缩写USSS）是隶属于美国国土安全部的联邦执法机构 。2003年之前，特勤局隶属于美国财政部。

美国特勤局主要有两大职责：

• 经济方面：调查，打击对美国货币的伪造，保护美国国库证券以及调查大规模诈骗案件。
• 保护方面：确保现任以及前任国家领导人及其家人和到访领导人以及外国大使的安全。

特勤局最初的目的是调查内战后日益猖獗的货币伪造。该机构后来逐渐成为美国第一家国内情报和反间谍机构。该机构的很多职责之后移交给了联邦调查局，美国烟酒枪炮及爆裂物管理局和美国国家税务局等机构。

Dual mission

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特勤局特工正在保护总统乔治·沃克·布什（2007）

特勤局有两大主要责任：调查经济犯罪和保护指定的保护者。现在，该机构的首要任务是打击经济机构诈骗，电信诈骗，伪造身份信息，保护美国的支付金融系统

The Secret Service has two primary missions: investigation of financial crimes and physical protection of designated protectees. Today the agency's primary investigative mission is to safeguard the payment and financial systems of the United States from such crimes as financial institution fraud, computer and telecommunications fraud, false identification documents, access device fraud, advance fee fraud, electronic funds transfers and money laundering as it relates to the agency's core violations. After the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, Congress also directed the Secret Service to protect the President of the United States. Protection remains the other key mission of the United States Secret Service.

Today, the Secret Service is authorized by law to protect:

• The President, the Vice President (or other officer next in the order of succession to the Office of President, should the Vice Presidency be vacant), the President-elect, and the Vice President-elect
• The immediate families of the above individuals
• Former Presidents and their spouses for their lifetimes except when the spouse divorces or remarries. From 1997 until 2013, legislation became effective limiting Secret Service protection to former Presidents and their spouses to a period of 10 years from the date the former President leaves office. President Barack Obama signed legislation reversing this limit and reinstating lifetime protection on January 10, 2013.
• The widow or widower of a former President who dies in office or dies within a year of leaving office for a period of one year after the President's death (the Secretary of Homeland Security can extend the protection time)
• Children of former Presidents until age 16 or 10 years after the presidency
• Former Vice Presidents, their spouses, and their children under 16 years of age, for up to 6 months from the date the former Vice President leaves office (the Secretary of Homeland Security can extend the protection time)
• Visiting heads of states or governments and their spouses traveling with them
• Other distinguished foreign visitors to the United States and official representatives of the United States performing special missions abroad, as directed by the President
• Major presidential and vice presidential candidates
• The spouses of major presidential and vice presidential candidates (within 120 days of a general presidential election)
• Other individuals as designated per executive order of the President
• National Special Security Events, when designated as such by the Secretary of Homeland Security

Any of these individuals may decline Secret Service protection, except the President, the Vice President (or other officer next in the order of succession to the Office of President), the President-elect, and the Vice President–elect.

When Hillary Clinton became Secretary of State in 2009, the Secret Service continued to protect her at home; however the Diplomatic Security Service protected her while she was performing her duties as the Secretary of State, including foreign travel.

The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States.

The Director of Secret Service is appointed by the President of the United States.

History

Early years

With a reported one third of the currency in circulation being counterfeit at the time, the Secret Service was created on July 5, 1865 in Washington, D.C., to suppress counterfeit currency. Chief William P. Wood was sworn in by Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch. It was commissioned in Washington, D.C. as the "Secret Service Division" of the Department of the Treasury with the mission of suppressing counterfeiting. The legislation creating the agency was on Abraham Lincoln's desk the night he was assassinated. At the time, the only other federal law enforcement agencies were the United States Park Police, the U.S. Post Office Department's Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations (now known as the United States Postal Inspection Service), and the U.S. Marshals Service. The Marshals did not have the manpower to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service began to investigate everything from murder to bank robbery to illegal gambling. After the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service provide presidential protection. A year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for presidential protection. In 1902, William Craig became the first Secret Service agent to die while serving, in a road accident while riding in the presidential carriage.

The Secret Service was the first U.S. domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Domestic intelligence collection and counterintelligence responsibilities were vested in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) upon the FBI's creation in 1908.

The Secret Service assisted in arresting Japanese American leaders and in the Japanese American internment during World War II. The U.S. Secret Service is not a part of the U.S. Intelligence Community.

20th Century

1950s

Truman assassination attempt

In 1950, President Harry S. Truman was residing in Blair House while the White House, across the street, was undergoing renovations. On November 1, 1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, approached Blair House with the intent to assassinate President Truman. Collazo and Torresola opened fire on Private Leslie Coffelt and other White House Police officers. Though mortally wounded by three shots from a 9 mm German Luger to his chest and abdomen, Private Coffelt returned fire, killing Torresola with a single shot to his head. 截至2015年 (2015-Missing required parameter 1=month!), Coffelt is the only member of the Secret Service to be killed while protecting a US president against an assassination attempt (Special Agent Tim McCarthy stepped in front of President Ronald Reagan during the assassination attempt of March 30, 1981, and took a bullet to the abdomen but made a full recovery). Collazo was also shot, but survived his injuries and served 29 years in prison before returning to Puerto Rico in late 1979.

1960s

In 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees. In 1965 and 1968, Congress also authorized lifetime protection of the spouses of deceased presidents unless they remarry and of the children of former presidents until age 16.

1980s

Secret Service agents providing security for Pope Benedict XVI in Washington, D.C.

The Secret Service Presidential Protective Division safeguards the President of the United States and his immediate family. They work with other federal, state and local law enforcement agencies and the military to safeguard the President when he travels in Air Force One, Marine One and by limousine in motorcades.

Although the most visible role of the Secret Service today, personal protection is an anomaly in the responsibilities of an agency focused on fraud and counterfeiting.

In 1984, the US Congress passed the Comprehensive Crime Control Act, which extended the Secret Service's jurisdiction over credit card fraud and computer fraud.

1990s

In 1990, the Secret Service initiated Operation Sundevil, originally intended to be a sting against malicious hackers, allegedly responsible for disrupting telephone services across the entire United States. The operation, which was later described by Bruce Sterling in his book The Hacker Crackdown, affected a great number of people unrelated to hacking, and led to no convictions. The Secret Service, however, was sued and required to pay damages.

In 1994 and 1995, it ran an undercover sting called Operation Cybersnare.

The Secret Service investigates forgery of government checks, forgery of currency equivalents (such as travelers' or cashiers' checks), and certain instances of wire fraud (such as the so-called Nigerian scam) and credit card fraud. The reason for this combination of duties is that when the need for presidential protection became apparent in the early 20th century, few federal services had the necessary abilities and resources. The FBI, IRS, ATF, ICE, and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) did not yet exist. The United States Marshals Service was the only other logical choice, providing protection for the President on a number of occasions.

The Secret Service has concurrent jurisdiction with the FBI over certain violations of federal computer crime laws. They have created 24 Electronic Crimes Task Forces (ECTFs) across the United States. These task forces are partnerships between the Service, federal/state and local law enforcement, the private sector and academia aimed at combating technology-based crimes.

In 1998, President Bill Clinton signed Presidential Decision Directive 62, which established National Special Security Events (NSSE). That directive made the Secret Service responsible for security at designated events.

21st Century

2000s

In 2000, the Secret Service investigated the website Where's George?, over suspicions that the website was encouraging defacement of U.S. currency. They pressured the website's webmaster, Hank, to stop selling the rubber stamps used by the website's users to mark bills.

September 11, 2001, attacks

The New York City Field office was located at 7 World Trade Center. Immediately after the World Trade Center was attacked as part of the September 11 attacks, Special Agents and other New York Field office employees were among the first to respond with first aid. Sixty-seven Special Agents in New York City, at and near the New York Field Office, helped to set up triage areas and evacuate the towers. One Secret Service employee, Master Special Officer Craig Miller, died during the rescue efforts. On August 20, 2002, Director Brian L. Stafford awarded the Director's Valor Award to employees who assisted in the rescue attempts.

Domestic expansion

Effective March 1, 2003, the Secret Service transferred from the Treasury to the newly established Department of Homeland Security.

The USA Patriot Act, signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001, mandated the U.S. Secret Service to establish a nationwide network of Electronic Crimes Task Forces (ECTFs) to investigate and prevent attacks on financial and critical infrastructures in the United States. As such, this mandate expanded on the agency's first ECTF—the New York Electronic Crimes Task Force, formed in 1995—which brought together federal, state and local law enforcement, prosecutors, private-industry companies, and academia.

The network prioritizes investigations that meet the following criteria:

• Significant economic or community impact,
• Participation of multiple-district or transnational organized criminal groups,
• Use of new technology as a means to commit crime.

The network includes ECTFs in the following 28 U.S. cities:

• Atlanta
• Baltimore
• Birmingham
• Boston
• Buffalo
• Charlotte
• Chicago
• Cleveland
• Columbia
• Dallas

• Houston
• Kansas City
• Las Vegas
• Los Angeles
• Louisville
• Memphis
• Miami
• Minneapolis
• New Orleans
• New York/New Jersey

• Oklahoma City
• Orlando
• Philadelphia
• Pittsburgh
• San Francisco
• Seattle
• St. Louis
• Washington, D.C.

International expansion

On July 6, 2009, the U.S. Secret Service expanded its fight on cyber-crime by creating the first European Electronic Crime Task Force, based on the successful U.S. domestic model, through a memorandum of understanding with Italian police and postal officials. Over a year later, on August 9, 2010, the agency expanded its European involvement by creating its second overseas ECTF in the United Kingdom.

Both task forces are said to concentrate on a wide range of "computer-based criminal activity," including:

• Identity theft
• Network intrusions
• Other computer-related crimes affecting financial and other critical infrastructures.

The overseas network includes ECTFs in the following European cities:

• European Electronic Crime Task Force - Rome, Italy
• London, United Kingdom

2010s

As of 2010, the Service had over 6,500 employees: 3,200 Special Agents, 1,300 Uniformed Division Officers, and 2,000 technical and administrative employees. Special agents serve on protective details, special teams or sometimes investigate certain financial and homeland security-related crimes.

In September 2014, the United States Secret Service came under criticism following two high-profile incidents involving intruders at the White House. One such intruder entered the East Room of the White House through an unlocked door.

Another incident involved a violation of procedure in which an armed security guard for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention rode in the same elevator as President Barack Obama during a visit to that agency's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, to discuss U.S. response to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. The guard used his phone to record video of Obama and refused to comply with a request to stop. The guard had been arrested multiple times in the past, but had never been convicted of a crime.

Ranks of the Secret Service

• Director of Secret Service
• Deputy Director
• Chief Operating Officer
• Chief of Staff
• Assistant Director
• Deputy Assistant Director
• Special Agent in Charge
• Deputy Special Agent in Charge
• Assistant Special Agent in Charge
• Assistants to the Special Agent in Charge
• Administrative PT
• Special Officers
• Special Agents
• Field Agents
• Uniformed Officers

Attacks on presidents

主条目：List of United States Presidential assassination attempts

Since the 1960s, Presidents John F. Kennedy (killed), Gerald Ford (twice attacked, but uninjured) and Ronald Reagan (seriously wounded) have been attacked while appearing in public. Agents on scene though not injured during attacks on Presidents include William Greer and Roy Kellerman. One of the agents was Robert DeProspero, the Special Agent In Charge (SAIC) of Reagan's Presidential Protective Division (PPD) from January 1982 to April 1985. DeProspero was deputy to Jerry Parr, the SAIC of PPD during the Reagan assassination attempt on March 30, 1981.

The Kennedy assassination spotlighted the bravery of two Secret Service agents. First, an agent protecting Mrs. Kennedy, Clint Hill, was riding in the car directly behind the presidential limousine only when the attack began. While the shooting continued, Hill leapt from the running board of the car he was riding on and jumped onto the back of the President's moving car and guided Mrs. Kennedy from the trunk back into the rear seat of the car. He then shielded the President and the First Lady with his body until the car arrived at the hospital.

Secret Service agents in response to the assassination attempt of Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981

Rufus Youngblood was riding in the vice-presidential car. When the shots were fired, he vaulted over the front seat and threw his body over Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. That evening, Johnson called Secret Service Chief James J. Rowley and cited Youngblood's bravery. Youngblood would later recall some of this in his memoir, Twenty Years in the Secret Service.

The period following the Kennedy assassination was the most difficult in the modern history of the agency. Press reports indicated that morale among the agents was "low" for months following the assassination. The agency overhauled its procedures in the wake of the Kennedy killing. Training, which until that time had been confined largely to "on-the-job" efforts, was systematized and regularized.

The Reagan assassination attempt also highlighted the bravery of several Secret Service agents, particularly agent Tim McCarthy, who spread his stance to protect Reagan as six bullets were being fired by the would-be assassin, John Hinckley, Jr. McCarthy survived a .22-caliber round in the abdomen. For his bravery, McCarthy received the NCAA Award of Valor in 1982. Jerry Parr, the agent who pushed President Reagan into the limousine, and made the critical decision to divert the presidential motorcade to George Washington University Hospital instead of returning to the White House, was also honored with U.S. Congress commendations for his actions that day. After the near-successful assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan, it was clear that the Secret Service needed to increase its efficiency to protect the President.

Significant investigations

Arrest and indictment of Max Ray Butler, co-founder of the Carders Market carding website. Butler was indicted by a federal grand jury in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, after his September 5, 2007 arrest, on wire fraud and identity theft charges. According to the indictment, Butler hacked over the Internet into computers at financial institutions and credit card processing centers and sold the tens of thousands of credit card numbers that he acquired in the process.

Operation Firewall: In October 2004, 28 suspects—located across eight U.S. states and six countries—were arrested on charges of identity theft, computer fraud, credit-card fraud, and conspiracy. Nearly 30 national and foreign field offices of the U.S. Secret Service, including the newly established national ECTFs, and countless local enforcement agencies from around the globe, were involved in this operation. Collectively, the arrested suspects trafficked in at least 1.7 million stolen credit card numbers, which amounted to $4.3 million of losses to financial institutions. However, authorities estimated prevented loss to the industry to be in hundreds of millions of dollars. The operation, which started in July 2003 and lasted for more than a year, led investigators to identify three cyber-criminal groups: Shadowcrew, Carderplanet, and Darkprofits.

Arrest and indictment of Albert "Segvec" Gonzalez and 11 individuals; three U.S. citizens, one from Estonia, three from Ukraine, two from the People's Republic of China, one from Belarus, and one known only by an online alias. They were arrested on August 5, 2008, for the theft and sale of more than 40 million credit and debit card numbers from major U.S. retailers, including TJX Companies, BJ's Wholesale Club, OfficeMax, Boston Market, Barnes & Noble, Sports Authority, Forever 21, and DSW. Gonzalez, the main organizer of the scheme, was charged with computer fraud, wire fraud, access device fraud, aggravated identity theft, and conspiracy for his leading role in the crime.

Uniformed Division

A 2013 Ford Police Interceptor of the US Secret Service Uniformed Division is pictured outside the White House in Washington, DC, in July of 2013.

The Uniformed Division is a security police similar to the United States Capitol Police and is in charge of protecting the physical White House grounds and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C. area. Established in 1922 as the White House Police, this organization was fully integrated into the Secret Service in 1930. In 1970, the protection of foreign diplomatic missions was added to the force's responsibilities, and its name was changed to the Executive Protective Service. The name United States Secret Service Uniformed Division was adopted in 1977.

With more than 1,300 officers as of 2010, the Uniformed Division is responsible for security at the White House Complex; the vice president's residence; the Department of the Treasury (as part of the White House Complex); and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C., area. Uniformed Division officers carry out their protective responsibilities through a network of fixed security posts, foot, bicycle, vehicular and motorcycle patrols.

The Uniformed Division has three branches: the White House Branch, the Foreign Missions Branch, and the Naval Observatory Branch. Together they provide protection for the following: the president, vice president, and their immediate families; presidential candidates; the White House Complex; the Vice President's Residence; the main Treasury Department building and its annex facility; and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.

Officers are responsible for providing additional support to the Secret Service's protective mission through the following special support groups:

Counter Sniper Team (CS)

Created in 1971, the CS's purpose is to provide specialized protective support to defend against long-range threats to Secret Service protectees.

Canine Explosives Detection Unit (K-9)

Created in 1976, the mission of the K-9 unit is to provide skilled and specialized explosives detection support to protective efforts involving Secret Service protectees.

Emergency Response Team (ERT)

Formed in 1992, ERT's primary mission is to provide tactical response to unlawful intrusions and other protective challenges related to the White House and its grounds. ERT personnel receive specialized, advanced training and must maintain a high level of physical and operational proficiency.

Officers assigned to CS, ERT, and K9, are designated "Technicians" to recognize their advanced training. Today these units are part of the agency's Special Operations Division.

The Magnetometer Support Unit: Formed to ensure that all persons entering secure areas occupied by Secret Service protectees are unarmed, the Secret Service began relying on magnetometer (metal detector) support by Uniformed Division officers to augment its protective efforts away from the White House following the attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan.

The Secret Service Uniformed Division's statutory authority is set out in Title 18, §3056A of the U. S. Code.

Ranks

Uniformed Division ranks, set out in the salary schedule in Title 5, § 10203 of the United States Code, are as follows:

• Chief of Uniformed Division
• Assistant Chief
• Deputy Chief
• Inspector
• Captain
• Lieutenant
• Sergeant-Technician
• Sergeant
• Officer-Technician
• Officer

Special Agent

At a minimum, a prospective agent must be a U.S. citizen, possess a current valid driver's license, possess visual acuity no worse than 20/60 uncorrected, correctable to 20/20 in each eye, and be between the ages of 21 and 37 at the time of appointment. However, preference eligible veterans may apply after age 37. In 2009, the Office of Personnel Management issued implementation guidance on the Isabella v. Department of State court decision: OPM Letter.

Secret Service agents (foreground, right) guard President George W. Bush in 2008.

Special agents receive basic training in two locations. The first phase, the Criminal Investigator Training Program (CITP) is conducted at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) at Glynco, GA. The second phase, the Special Agent Training Course (SATC) is conducted at the James J. Rowley Training Center, located in Beltsville, MD.

A Secret Service agent's career consists of three phases. During phase one Secret Service special agents spend their first six to eight years on-the-job assigned to a field office. After their field experience, agents are usually transferred to a protective detail where they will stay for four to seven years, during what is known as phase two or the protection phase. Following their protective assignment, many agents return to the field, transfer to a headquarters office, a training office, or other Washington, D.C.–based assignment for phase three of their career. Promotions will affect the typical career path. An agent's working hours depend upon the assignment. Generally, an agent can expect to travel a lot and do a significant amount of shift work, especially during phase two. Throughout their career agents continue their training.

Special Officer

Special officers (not to be confused with Uniformed Division Officers) work within the Special Agent Division of the USSS and perform a wide range of security functions and support assignments as part of the protective mission for the Secret Service. Whereas special agents will alternate between protection and investigative assignments, special officers are hired only to work protection details. They must have a familiarity with all phases of protective responsibilities sufficient to assist in protective movements, cover designated security posts and drive protective vehicles.

Assignments may include maintaining designated protective security posts; controlling the movement of persons into and around multiple Secret Service facilities and associated areas; inspecting all operational, safety, emergency, and convenience equipment of protective vehicles to ensure peak operating condition; driving protective or follow-up vehicles; monitoring and operating various communications equipment; and employing various advanced x-ray screening technologies in order to detect and identify high-risk items. Special officers are sworn law enforcement officers and are authorized to make arrests in connection with their official duties.

Newly appointed special officers must successfully complete eight (8) weeks of intensive training at the Special Officer Basic Training Course at the Secret Service James J. Rowley Training Center just outside of Washington, D.C. The training includes courses such as Criminal Law, Laws of Arrest, Search and Seizure, Control Tactics, Civil Liability, Emergency Medicine, Basic Water Safety, Firearms and Weapons Handling, Radio Communications, Emergency Driving and Physical Fitness Training.

Weapons and equipment

Since the agency's inception, a variety of weapons have been carried by its agents.

Previous firearms

Initially the firearms were privately procured and there was little if any standardization. In the 1930s, the USSS issued the Colt M1911A1 pistol in .45 ACP caliber. In the 1950s and 1960s, Special Agents carried the Smith & Wesson Model 36 and Colt Detective Special 38 Special revolvers.

Following President Kennedy's assassination, USSS Special Agents were authorized to carry the .357 Magnum Smith & Wesson Model 19 revolver.

Between 1981 and 1991, the Secret Service issued the Smith & Wesson Model 19 and the Smith & Wesson Model 66 .357 Magnum revolvers, with 2.5-inch barrels all the way up to the 4-inch-barreled models, loaded with hollow-point rounds.

By 1992, the standard issue weapon became the SIG Sauer P228 9mm pistol. This weapon stayed in service through 1999.

The Thompson submachine gun was replaced by the Uzi submachine gun in the 1970s. Uzis utilized by the Secret Service have the common characteristic of slightly shorter than standard barrels. This was due to the fact that the weapons had to be modified to fit inside standard size Samsonite briefcases used to conceal them. The Uzi was phased out in the mid 1990s and replaced by the H&K MP5. The Secret Service was the last Federal agency to use the Uzi.

The M4 carbine was utilized by agents of the Counter Assault Team from the early 1990s until 2006 when it was replaced by the SR-16 carbine.

Current weapons

The current sidearm for USSS agents is the SIG Sauer P229 chambered in .357 SIG, which entered service in 1999, and also the FN Five-seven pistol. A variety of off duty, back up, and undercover weapons are also authorized.

Agents and officers are trained on standard shoulder weapons that include the FN P90 submachine gun, the 9mm Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, and the 12-gauge Remington 870 shotgun. The continued use of the MP5 remains a source of controversy as many other federal agencies have moved away from submachine guns altogether and replaced them with assault rifles. Despite this, the agency has no current plans to replace this weapon.

As a non-lethal option, Special Agents, Special Officers, and Uniformed Division Officers are armed with the ASP baton, and Uniform Division officers carry pepper spray.

Units assigned to the Special Operations Division carry a variety of non-standard weapons.

The Counter Assault Team (CAT) and the Emergency Response Team (ERT) are both issued the 5.56mm Knight's Armament Company SR-16 CQB assault rifle. CAT also uses 12 gauge Remington 870 MCS breaching shotguns.

Uniform Division technicians assigned to the Counter Sniper (CS) team use custom built .300 Winchester Magnum bolt-action rifles referred to as JARs ("Just Another Rifle"). These rifles use Remington 700 actions in Accuracy International stocks with Schmidt & Bender optics. CS technicians also use the 7.62mm KAC SR-25/Mk11 Mod 0 semi-automatic sniper rifle with a Trijicon 5.5× ACOG optic.

The Department of Homeland Security has made numerous attempts to bring the Secret Service's weapons procurement in line with the rest of the department. The agency has resisted these inroads and currently maintains an independent acquisition process.

Communications

The agency uses Motorola XTS radios and surveillance kits in order to maintain communication and are known to use DES encryption keys. When operationally required, military grade radios that utilize Type 1 encryption algorithms are fielded.

Vehicles

When transporting the President in a motorcade, the Secret Service uses a fleet of custom-built armored Cadillac Parade Limousines, the newest and largest version of which is known as "The Beast". Armored Chevrolet Suburbans are also used when logistics require such a vehicle or when a more low profile appearance is required. For official movement the limousine is affixed with U.S. and presidential flags and the presidential seal on the rear doors. For unofficial events the vehicles are left sterile and unadorned.

Attire

Secret Service agent guarding President Barack Obama in 2010

Special Agents and Special Officers of the Secret Service wear attire that is appropriate for their surroundings, in order to blend in as much as possible. In most circumstances, the attire of a close protection shift is a conservative suit, but it can range from a tuxedo to casual clothing as required by the environment. Stereotypically Secret Service agents are often portrayed wearing reflective sunglasses and a communication earpiece. Often their attire is customized to conceal the wide array of equipment they wear while working protection assignments. Agents wear a distinctive lapel pin that identifies them to other agents.

The attire for Uniformed Division Officers includes standard police uniforms or utility uniforms and ballistic/identification vests for members of the countersniper team, Emergency Response Team (ERT), and canine officers. The shoulder patch of the Uniformed Division consists of the U. S. coat of arms on white or black, depending on the garment to which it is attached. Also, the shoulder patch is embroidered with "U.S. Secret Service Uniformed Division Police" around the emblem.

Misconduct

参见：6th Summit of the Americas § U.S. security misconduct

In April 2012, an incident involving the president's security detail received international press attention. The incident involved 11 agents and personnel from four branches of the U.S. military; they allegedly engaged prostitutes while assigned to protect the U.S. President at the 6th Summit of the Americas in Cartagena, Colombia. As of April 24, 2012, nine employees had resigned or retired.

After the incident was publicized, the Secret Service implemented new rules for its personnel. The rules prohibit personnel from visiting "non-reputable establishments" and from consuming alcohol less than ten hours before starting work. Additionally, they restrict who is allowed in hotel rooms.

A few weeks later, stories emerged of Secret Service agents hiring strippers and prostitutes prior to Obama's 2011 visit to El Salvador.

In 2015, two inebriated senior service agents drove an official car into the White House complex and collided with a barrier. One of the congressmen in the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform which investigated that incident was Jason Chaffetz. In September 2015, it was revealed that 18 Secret Service employees or supervisors, including Assistant Director Ed Lowery, accessed an unsuccessful 2003 application by Chaffetz for employment with the agency and discussed leaking the information to the media in retaliation for Chaffetz' investigations of agency misconduct. The confidential personal information was later leaked to The Daily Beast. Agency Director Joe Clancy apologized to Chaffetz and said that disciplinary action would be taken against those responsible.

Directors

主条目：Director of the United States Secret Service

1. William P. Wood (1865–1869)
2. Hiram C. Whitley (1869–1874)
3. Elmer Washburn (1874–1876)
4. James Brooks (1876–1888)
5. John S. Bell (1888–1890)
6. Andrew L. Drummond (1891–1894)
7. William P. Hazen (1894–1898)
8. John E. Wilkie (1898–1911)
9. William J. Flynn (1912–1917)
10. William H. Moran (1917–1936)
11. Frank J. Wilson (1937–1946)
12. James J. Maloney (1946–1948)
13. U. E. Baughman (1948–1961)
14. James J. Rowley (1961–1973)
15. H. Stuart Knight (1973–1981)
16. John R. Simpson (1981–1992)
17. John Magaw (1992–1993)
18. Eljay B. Bowron (1993–1997)
19. Lewis C. Merletti (1997–1999)
20. Brian L. Stafford (1999–2003)
21. W. Ralph Basham (2003–2006)
22. Mark J. Sullivan (2006–2013)
23. Julia Pierson (2013–2014)
24. Joseph Clancy (2014–present)

Field offices

主条目：List of United States Secret Service field offices

The Secret Service has agents assigned to 136 field offices and the headquarters in Washington, D.C. The field offices are located in cities throughout the United States and in Brazil (Brasilia), Bulgaria (Sofia), Canada (Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver), Colombia (Bogota), China (Hong Kong), France (Paris, Lyon), Germany (Frankfurt), Italy (Rome), Mexico (Mexico City), Netherlands (The Hague), Romania (Bucharest), Russia (Moscow), South Africa (Pretoria), Spain (Madrid), Thailand (Bangkok), and the United Kingdom (London). The offices in Lyon and The Hague are respectively responsible for liaison with the headquarters of Interpol and Europol, located in those cities.

In popular culture

• Films
  • Mister 880 (1950): Unlike most films with a Secret Service theme, this one features their anti-counterfeiting role: an agent (Burt Lancaster) tracks down an elderly man (Edmund Gwenn) who counterfeits only small amounts of money.
  • To Live and Die in L.A. (1985): A Secret Service agent (William L. Petersen) is determined to bring down by any means necessary a counterfeiter (Willem Dafoe) who murdered the agent's partner.
  • Assassination (1987): U.S. Secret Service agent Jay Killion (Charles Bronson) must protect First Lady Lara Royce Craig (Jill Ireland) from a plot on her life.
  • The Bodyguard (1992): Kevin Costner stars as a former Secret Service agent who is hired as a bodyguard to protect a music star, played by Whitney Houston, from an unknown stalker.
  • In the Line of Fire (1993): Psychological thriller in which Clint Eastwood plays a Secret Service Agent who had been on the presidential protection detail during the John F. Kennedy assassination. He is now pursuing a deranged former CIA special operations assassin who is intent on killing the current U.S. President.
  • Guarding Tess (1994): Nicolas Cage plays an agent assigned to guard a former First Lady.
  • Hackers (1995): Secret Service Agent Richard Gill (Wendell Pierce) is responsible for the pursuit of the young hackers throughout the entire film.
  • First Kid (1996): Sinbad and Timothy Busfield appear as Secret Service agents in charge of protecting the President's son.
  • "Murder at 1600" (1997): A thriller adaptation starring Wesley Snipes of the novel Murder In The Whitehouse by Maragret Truman.
  • Wild Wild West (1999): A steampunk western action-comedy adaptation of the The Wild Wild West (below), starring Will Smith and Kevin Kline.
  • First Target (1999) Daryl Hannah is a Secret Service agent who uncovers a plot involving senior US politicians and rogue Secret Service agents to kill the President whilst on vacation.
  • First Daughter (2004): Katie Holmes as the daughter of the President, who goes to college.
  • The Sentinel (2006): Thriller starring Michael Douglas as a veteran Secret Service agent, in which Secret Service agents investigate a potential assassination attempt and traitor in the Service.
  • Vantage Point (2008): An assassination attempt on the President of the United States is seen from a different set of vantage points through the eyes of eight witnesses. Dennis Quaid plays the Secret Service agent pursuing the terrorists.
  • Olympus Has Fallen (2013): An attempt to destroy and capture the White House and the President of United States, President Benjamin Asher (Aaron Eckhart), by a North Korean terrorist leader, Kang Yeonsak (Rick Yune) with his commandos. A Secret Service agent, Mike Banning (Gerard Butler), was trapped in the White House (Olympus) and works to save the President.
  • White House Down (2013): John Cale (Channing Tatum) is a U.S. Capitol Police officer and is a hopeful candidate to be employed by the U.S. Secret Service. Cale attempts to foil a terrorist attack on the White House and save the President from the terrorists.
• Television
  • House of Cards Vice President Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey), and his wife Claire Underwood (Robin Wright), have a threesome with a member of his Secret Service Edward Meechum (Nathan Darrow).
  • The Wild Wild West (1965–69): A highly popular Western action series, set in the late 1860s, starring Robert Conrad and Ross Martin as Secret Service agents James West and Artemus Gordon. West and Gordon pursue a variety of villains across the old west and often report directly to President Ulysses S. Grant. Two reunion telemovies were screened in 1979 and 1980, followed by the film Wild Wild West (above).
  • The West Wing (1999–2006): This series offers a glimpse into the inner workings of a fictional White House administration, with members of the Secret Service regularly making appearances.
  • 24 (2001–10): Involves many characters and operations within the Secret Service as they protect the presidents throughout the series.
  • NCIS (2003–present): a TV series about the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. In season 1 one of the main characters, Special Agent Caitlin Todd, is introduced as a Secret Service member in the 1st episode. After she is made a permanent member of the NCIS team, her past as a Secret Service agent is referenced frequently.
  • Numb3rs. In the episode Counterfeit Reality (Season 1, Episode 7), the team are joined by Agent Kim Hall, while they investigate the counterfeiting of small denomination bills.
  • Warehouse 13 (2009–present): A science fiction series about two Secret Service agents who are taken from their old job of guarding the President and instead are sent to track down artifacts with supernatural powers.
  • Intelligence (2014): U.S. Secret Service agent Riley Neal (Meghan Ory) is recruited by the U.S. Cyber Command to provide protective services for Cyber Command agent Gabriel Vaughn (Josh Holloway), into whose brain a high-tech microchip has been implanted.
  • Wayward Pines: After a car crash, U.S. Secret Service agent Ethan Burke (Matt Dillon) wakes up in the mysterious town of Wayward Pines, where the inexplicable happens and from which there is no escape.
• Video games
  • Resident Evil 4 (2007): Leon S. Kennedy is a Secret Service agent after the events of Resident Evil 2. His mission in the game is to find the President's daughter, who has been kidnapped.
  • Secret Service (2008): A first-person shooter video game, developed by Cauldron HQ and published by Activision Value for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360.

Similar organizations

• List of protective service agencies
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
• U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS)
• U.S. Federal Protective Service (FPS)
• U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
• U.S. Marshals Service (USMS)

See also

• Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• Bodyguard
• Commander-in-Chief's Guard—The American Revolutionary War unit that also had the dual responsibilities of protecting the Commander-in-Chief and the Continental Army's money.
• List of United States federal law enforcement agencies
• Secret Service codename

Further reading

• Roberts, Marcia. Looking back and seeing the future : the United States Secret Service, 1865-1990. Association of Former Agents of the United States Secret Service. 1991. 
• Emmett, Dan. Within arm's length: a secret service agent's definitive inside account of protecting the President First. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2014. ISBN 9781250044716. 
• Costello, Mark. Big If. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 2002. ISBN 978-0-393-05116-2. 
• Kessler, Ronald. In the President's secret service: behind the scenes with agents in the line of fire and the Presidents they protect 1st paperback. New York: Three Rivers Press. 2010. ISBN 9780307461360. 

External links

• 官方网站
• Protecting the U.S. President abroad, by the British Broadcasting Corporation
• Inside the Secret Service - slideshow by Life magazine
• United States Secret Service，存于互联网档案馆