1934年西岸码头工人罢工 |
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1934 年旧金山大罢工期间,一名挥舞警棍的警察与一名罢工者之间的对峙 |
日期 | May 9 – July 31, 1934 (84 days)[1] |
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地点 | |
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方法 | 罢工, 抗议, 示威 |
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死亡: 9, 受伤:>1000, 逮捕: >500. [2] |
死亡: 受伤: |
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1934年西岸码头工人罢工(英语:1934 West Coast waterfront strike)持续了83天,于1934年5月9日开始,至同年的7月31日结束。[1]当时美国西海岸每个港口的装卸工都罢工了。由国际码头和仓库联盟(ILWU)组织的这场罢工达到顶峰,导致“血腥星期四”那一天有两名工人死亡,旧金山总罢工导致美国西海岸的主要港口城市之所有工作停止四天,劳资双方最终达成和解。[3]
罢工的结果是美国西海岸所有港口都成立了工会。1934年的旧金山总罢工,以及美国共产主义联盟领导的1934年明尼阿波利斯卡车司机罢工,都是20世纪30年代工业工会主义兴起的催化剂。其中大部分是通过产业工会联合会组织的。[1]
参考文献
进一步阅读
- Workers on the Waterfront, Seamen, Longshoremen and Unionism in the 1930s, by Bruce Nelson, ISBN 0252061446
- Cherny, Robert W. "The making of a labor radical: Harry Bridges, 1901–1934." Pacific Historical Review 64.3 (1995): 363–388 online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco, by David F. Selvin. Wayne State University Press (1996). ISBN 0814326102.
- Dock Strike: History of the 1934 Waterfront Strike in Portland, Oregon, by Roger Buchanan
- Reds or Rackets, The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront, by Howard Kimeldorf, ISBN 0520078861
- The Big Strike, by Mike Quin, ISBN 0717805042
- Harry Bridges, The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the U.S., by Charles Larrowe, ISBN 0882080016
- Agitate, Educate, Organize: Portland, 1934, by William Bigelow & Norman Diamond, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Spring 1988
- 1934: The Great Strike (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), a multimedia section of the Waterfront Workers History Project, including film and photographs of the strike, a day-by-day account of the strike and digitized copies of newspaper articles and worker newsletters.