金蛛属
金蛛属
| |
|---|---|
| |
| 虫蚀痕金蛛 | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
| 科： | 园蛛科 Araneidae |
| 属： | 金蛛属 Argiope Audouin, 1827 |
| 种 | |
| |
金蛛属（学名：Argiope），是圆蛛科的一个属。牠们广泛分布在世界各地，而大部分温带或气候温暖的地区都有多于一个物种。
蜘蛛网
金蛛属蜘蛛所织出来的蜘蛛网差不多是隐形的，但隐带却呈可见的纯白色，有时呈交叉形或三字形。牠们会对齐这个交叉形的隐带，每条线上有一对脚，在白色的交叉上有一只非常鲜艳的蜘蛛。隐带可以反射紫外光，能够吸引猎物进入蜘蛛网中，并防止被其他动物破坏。蜘蛛网通常位于地面高1米左右的地方，这亦可以避免被大型动物所破坏。
有指这个隐带会引导金蛛属的猎食者，不过却有不同方法来招呼猎食者，如从网上掉落、撤退至蜘蛛网的周边、于30秒内破坏蜘蛛网等。[1]
繁殖
雄性金蛛属比雌性细小很多。当交配时，雄蛛会在雌蛛的网上织成另一个网。雌蛛在交配后会产卵，并将卵囊放在其网上。卵囊内包含了约400-1400颗卵。卵会于秋天孵化，幼蛛会在囊内过冬，并于春天才出来。卵囊是由多层的丝所组成，足以保护其内的东西。不过很多昆虫都会寄生在这个卵囊内。
毒性
金蛛属对人类并没有害。牠们是吃昆虫的，并可以消化比牠们大两倍的猎物。另有指A. savigny更会吃细小的缨蝠。[2]一般牠们也不会袭击人类，但只会在保护自己才会咬对方。牠们所分泌毒素并不会引致严重问题，而所含有的聚胺毒素却可能具有治疗功效。[3]
下属物种
- Argiope abramovi Logunov & Jäger, 2015
- 好胜金蛛 Argiope aemula Walckenaer, 1841
- 高居金蛛 Argiope aetherea (Walckenaer, 1841)
- 类高居金蛛 Argiope aetheroides Yin, Wang, Zhang, Peng & Chen, 1989
- Argiope ahngeri Spassky, 1932
- 悦目金蛛 Argiope amoena L. Koch, 1878
- Argiope anasuja Thorell, 1887
- Argiope anomalopalpis Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope appensa (Walckenaer, 1841)
- Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775)
- Argiope aurantia Lucas, 1833
- Argiope aurocincta Pocock, 1898
- Argiope australis (Walckenaer, 1805)
- Argiope bivittigera Strand, 1911
- Argiope blanda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898
- 伯氏金蛛 Argiope boesenbergi Levi, 1983
- Argiope bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847)
- 横纹金蛛 Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
- Argiope brunnescentia Strand, 1911
- Argiope buehleri Schenkel, 1944
- Argiope bullocki Rainbow, 1908
- Argiope butchko LeQuier & Agnarsson, 2016
- 凯撒金蛛 Argiope caesarea Thorell, 1897
- Argiope caledonia Levi, 1983
- Argiope cameloides Zhu & Song, 1994
- Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944)
- 链斑金蛛 Argiope catenulata (Doleschall, 1859)
- Argiope chloreis Thorell, 1877
- Argiope comorica Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope coquereli (Vinson, 1863)
- Argiope dang Jäger & Praxaysombath, 2009
- 大卫氏金蛛 Argiope davidi
- Argiope dietrichae Levi, 1983
- Argiope doboensis Strand, 1911
- Argiope doleschalli Thorell, 1873
- Argiope ericae Levi, 2004
- Argiope flavipalpis (Lucas, 1858)
- Argiope florida Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944
- Argiope halmaherensis Strand, 1907
- Argiope hinderlichi Jäger, 2012
- Argiope hoiseni Tan, 2018
- Argiope intricata Simon, 1877
- 景洪金蛛 Argiope jinghongensis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994
- Argiope kaingang Corronca & Rodríguez-Artigas, 2015
- Argiope katherina Levi, 1983
- 凯氏金蛛 Argiope keyserlingi Karsch, 1878
- Argiope kochi Levi, 1983
- Argiope legionis Motta & Levi, 2009
- Argiope levii Bjørn, 1997
- 叶金蛛 Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)
- Argiope luzona (Walckenaer, 1841)
- 厚椽金蛛 Argiope macrochoera Thorell, 1891
- Argiope madang Levi, 1984
- Argiope magnifica L. Koch, 1871
- Argiope mangal Koh, 1991
- 狂金蛛 Argiope manicata
- Argiope manila Levi, 1983
- Argiope mascordi Levi, 1983
- 小悦目金蛛 Argiope minuta Karsch, 1879
- Argiope modesta Thorell, 1881
- Argiope niasensis Strand, 1907
- 目金蛛 Argiope ocula Fox, 1938
- Argiope ocyaloides L. Koch, 1871
- 澳赫金蛛 Argiope ohsumiensis
- Argiope pentagona L. Koch, 1871
- 孔金蛛 Argiope perforata Schenkel, 1963
- Argiope picta L. Koch, 1871
- Argiope pictula Strand, 1911
- Argiope ponape Levi, 1983
- Argiope possoica Merian, 1911
- Argiope probata Rainbow, 1916
- Argiope protensa L. Koch, 1872
- 丽金蛛 Argiope pulchella Thorell, 1881
- 类丽金蛛 Argiope pulchelloides Yin, Wang, Zhang, Peng & Chen, 1989
- Argiope radon Levi, 1983
- Argiope ranomafanensis Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859)
- Argiope sapoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
- Argiope sector (Forsskål, 1776)
- Argiope squallica Strand, 1915
- Argiope submaronica Strand, 1916
- Argiope takum Chrysanthus, 1971
- Argiope tapinolobata Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope taprobanica Thorell, 1887
- 三带金蛛 Argiope trifasciata (Forsskål, 1775)
- Argiope truk Levi, 1983
- 多色金蛛 Argiope versicolor (Doleschall, 1859)
- Argiope vietnamensis Ono, 2010
- 杂金蛛 Argiope zabonica
参考
- ^ Blamires, Sean J.; Hochuli, Dieter F. & Thompson, Michael B. Does decoration building influence antipredator responses in an orb-web spider (Argiope keyserlingi) in its natural habitat? (PDF). Australian Journal of Zoology. 2007, 55: 1–7 [2008-10-25]. doi:10.1071/ZO06098. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-08-21）.
- ^ Timm, Robert M. & Losilla, Mauricio. Orb-weaving Spider, Argiope savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 2007, 43 (2): 282–284 [2008-10-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-20）.
- ^ Strømgaard, K.; Mellor, I. AMPA receptor ligands: Synthetic and pharmacological studies of polyamines and polyamine toxins. Med. Res. Rev. 2004: 589–620.[永久失效链接]