西德尼虫
西德尼虫属 化石时期:寒武纪中期至晚期
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
科: | 西德尼虫科 Sidneyidae |
属: | †西德尼虫属 Sidneyia Walcott, 1911 |
种 | |
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西德尼虫(属名:Sidneyia)是一种已灭绝的节肢动物,生存时间大约位在中至晚的寒武纪。[1]
发现史
查尔斯·都利特·沃尔科特(Charles Doolittle Walcott)与他儿子西德尼·沃尔科特(Sidney S. Walcott)于1910年的8月时,在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省加拿大洛矶山脉境内的伯吉斯页岩(Burgess Shale),大约在瓦普塔山脉(Wapta Mountain)和费尔德山脉(Mount Field)发现了西德尼虫,[1][2][3],并在隔年发表。[1]西德尼虫的名字是以第一个发现此物种-西德尼·沃尔科特命名的,[1][4]意外西德尼虫的种小名inexpectans是源自拉丁语,意思为“意想不到的”,因为他没想到会在比奥陶纪更古老的地层中发现这样的化石。[1]在1938年,查尔斯·埃尔默·雷斯塞尔(Charles Elmer Resser)和本杰明·富兰克林·豪厄尔(Benjamin Franklin Howell)在美国阿帕拉契山脉(Appalachian Mountains)的佛蒙特州的西边发现了不能鉴定的西德尼虫化石(Sidneyia sp. undet.)。[5]在1984年,德里克·布里格斯(Derek Ernest Gilmor Briggs)和理查德·罗宾逊(Richard Robison)在犹他州也发现了化石。[6]
外观
意外西德尼虫的身体细长,表皮还有一层外壳。如果将尾巴不算的话,大约长12.3公分。[1][7]
分类
一开始查尔斯·都利特·沃尔科特将西德尼虫分类为肢口纲底下的广翅鲎目(Eurypterida),也推测可能位在三叶虫纲(Trilobita)和广翅鲎目(Eurypterida)中间,因为西德尼虫既有类似三叶虫纲的短平身体,还有类似广翅鲎目的分节和尾鳍。[1]几乎整个1910年代到1920年代都将西德尼虫归类为广翅鲎目。[8][9]1963年时,有人将同是节肢动物门的奇虾(Anomalocaris)的刚毛叶[注 1],误认成西德尼虫的。[13]而在1970至1980年代都将此物种归类为三叶虫[14][15],当时提出与娜罗虫属(Naraoia)都被归类为"非三叶虫型态类"(Non-Trilobites)。[4][16]
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Walcott, Charles D. "Cambrian Geology and Paleontology II: No. 2--Middle Cambrian Merostomata." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (1911).
- ^ Ryan, W. J., and T. Hallissy. “Preliminary Notice of Some New Fossils from Bray Head, County Wicklow. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)” Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science, vol. 29, 1911, pp. 246–51.
- ^ O'Connell, Marjorie. The habitat of the Eurypterida. 1916 [2024-02-21]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-21) (英语).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Simon Conway, Morris; Harry Blackmore, Whittington. Fossils of the Burgess shale: a national treasure in Yoho National Park, British Columbia.. Natural Resources Canada. 1985 [2024-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-22).
- ^ RESSER, C. E.; HOWELL, B. F. Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1938-02-01, 49 (2). ISSN 0016-7606. doi:10.1130/gsab-49-195.
- ^ Briggs, Derek EG, and Richard A. Robison. "Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah." (1984).
- ^ Whittington, H.B. The significance of the fauna of the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 1980-01, 91 (3). ISSN 0016-7878. doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(80)80034-4.
- ^ RYAN, Rev WJ. "all form detached portions of the same ancient rock-group. Although the?." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 29. The Academy, 1912.
- ^ Walcott, Charles D. "Cambrian and Ozarkian trilobites." (PDF). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 1923, 62 (12) [2024-02-28]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-02-28).
- ^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
- ^ Moysiuk, J.; Caron, J.-B. A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2019-07-31, 286 (1908). ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1079.
- ^ Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation. Current Biology. 2022-08, 32 (15). ISSN 0960-9822. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027.
- ^ Cave, Laura Delle; Insom, Emilio; Simonetta, Alberto Mario. Advances, diversions, possible relapses and additional problems in understanding the early evolution of the Articulata. Italian Journal of Zoology. 1998-01, 65 (1). ISSN 1125-0003. doi:10.1080/11250009809386724.
- ^ Signor, Philip W.; Brett, Carlton E. The mid-Paleozoic precursor to the Mesozoic marine revolution. Paleobiology. 1984, 10 (2). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/s0094837300008174.
- ^ Morris, Simon Conway; Whittington, H. B. The Animals of the Burgess Shale. Scientific American. 1979-07, 241 (1). ISSN 0036-8733. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0779-122.
- ^ Briggs, Derek EG, and Richard A. Robison. "Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah." (1984).