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细菌小RNA

维基百科，自由的百科全书
细菌小RNA可与其他RNA或蛋白质结合以影响其功能

细菌小RNA（Bacterial small RNA，简称sRNA）泛指细菌中长50至500nt的非编码RNA，通常具有许多茎环等结构[1][2]，在大肠杆菌[3][4]、沙门氏菌[5]、金黄色葡萄球菌[6]、黄单胞菌[7]、根瘤菌[8]与蓝绿菌[9]等常见细菌中均有发现。最早发现的细菌小RNA为1984年在大肠杆菌中发现的MicF RNA[10]，可抑制外膜蛋白ompF之mRNA的转译，并使其mRNA被降解[11]，不久后又在金黄色葡萄球菌发现了另一种小RNARNAIII（英语：RNAIII），可影响其毒素的合成与释放[10]。目前已有超过6000种细菌小RNA经RNA测序等技术被发现[12]。

小RNA可与细菌的其他RNA或蛋白质结合，影响基因表现，调控代谢、感染、对环境反应与细胞结构等[5][6]，与蛋白质结合后可调控其功能，例如6S RNA（英语：6S RNA）可与RNA聚合酶结合以调控转录、tmRNA与转录停滞的核糖体结合以启动反式转译、4.5S RNA（信号识别颗粒RNA）组成信号识别颗粒以调控蛋白质的释放[13][14]。许多mRNA结合后可能借由阻挡或开启核糖体结合位点而影响其转译[15]，还有些小RNA为顺式作用元件，是由编码mRNA基因的另一股DNA转录产生，因此序列和该基因mRNA互补，可抑制其表现[16]。

许多小RNA在细菌面临低温、缺铁、缺氮、缺乏养分或DNA受损等压力时会大量表现[14]，可能与细菌的抗逆境反应有关[17]，例如蓝绿菌在缺氮时会表现NsiR1、NsiR8、NsiR9等小RNA[18]，可促进细胞分化成可固氮的异形细胞（英语：heterocyst）[19]；另外许多小RNA和细菌的致病能力有关，如金黄色葡萄球菌的RNAIII影响其毒素代谢，大肠杆菌的小RNA DsrA可促进外排泵（英语：efflux pump）的表现而增加其对抗生素的抗性[20]；有些小RNA还可影响细菌之间的交互作用，例如弧菌的小RNA（Qrr sRNA）可调控群体感应[21][22]，绿脓杆菌的小RNA SbrA为其形成生物薄膜所需[23] 。

参考文献

引用列表
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来源列表

外部链接

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